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Platinum (Pt)
We are a leading manufacturer and supplier of research materials
Platinum 78Pt195.09
Known to pre-Columbian South Americans and taken to Europe about 1750.
[Spanish, platina = silver]
French: platine
German: Platin
Italian: platino
Spanish: platino
Description: Platinum is a lustrous, silvery-white, malleable and ductile metal. It is unaffected by air and water, and will only dissolve in aqua regia (HCl/HNO3) and molten alkalis. Platinum is used in jewellery, anti-cancer drugs, catalysts an catalytic convertors.
Platinum single crystal properties
| State: | single crystal |
|---|---|
| Crystal structure: | fcc |
| Production method: | Czochralski |
| Standard size: | diameter 10-12mm thickness 1-2mm |
| Orientation: | (100), (110) and (111) |
| Orientation accuracy: | <2°, <1°, <0.4° or <0.1° |
| Polishing: | as cut, one or two sides polished |
| Roughness of surface: | <0.03µm |
| Purity: | 99.99% |
| Typical analysis (ppm): | C 3 H < 1 O 9 N < 5 Cu 1.60 Fe 1.80 Ni < 1 Pb 0.30 Si 0.30 Ga, Hf and Ta are below the detection limit |
Materials properties
| Density: | 21.4 g/cm3 |
|---|---|
| Melting point: | 1771.85 °C / 2045 °K |
| Boiling point: | 3826.85 ±100 °C / 4100±100 °K |
| Molar volume: | 9.10 cm3 |
| Thermal conductivity: | 71.6 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: | 9.0 x 10-6 K-1 |
| Electrical resistivity: | 10.6x 10-8 [293 K] Wm |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility: | +1.301 x 10-8(s) kg-1m3 |
| Young's modulus: | 170 GPa |
| Rigidity modulus: | 60.9 GPa |
| Bulk modulus: | 276 GPa |
| Poisson's ratio: | 0.39 |
| Radii: | Pt4+ 70; Pt2+ 85; atomic 138; covalent 129 |
| Electronegativity: | 2.28 (Pauling); 1.44 (Allred); 5.6 eV (absolute) |
| Effective nuclear charge: | 4.05 (Slater); 10.75 (Clementi); 15.65 (Froese-Fischer) |
| Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): | 36 |
| Issotope mass range: | 172 -> 201 |
| Crystal structure, (cell dimentions / pm), space group | fcc |
| X-ray diffraction: mass absorption coefficients: | CuKα 200 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKα 113 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 |
| Neutron scattering length: | 0.960 b/10-12 cm |
| Thermal neutron capture cross-section: | 10.3 sa / barns |
Biological data
| Biological role: | none |
|---|---|
| Toxicity | |
| Toxic intake: | regarded as non-toxic |
| Lethal intake: | LD50 (PtCl2, oral, rat)= 17.5 mg kg-1 |
| Hazards: | Platinum implants are generally tolerated by the body. Platinum salts are poisonous. |
| Level in humans | |
| Blood: | |
| Bone: | |
| Liver: | |
| Muscle: | |
| Daily dietary intake: | n.a. |
| Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person: | n.a |
Geological data
| Mineral | Formula | Density | Hardness | Crystal apperance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Platiniridium | (Ir, Pt) | 22.7 | 6 - 7 | cub., met. white |
| platinum | Pt | c. 21 | 4 - 4.5 | cub., metallic white/grey |
| Chief ore: | platinum ore; some platinum is extracted as a by-product of copper and nickel refining. |
|---|---|
| World production: | 30 tonnes/year |
| Main mining areas: | native platinum occurs naturally, mostly as nuggets, in the rivers of the Urals in Russia and in deposits in Canada, South Africa, Columbia and Peru. |
| Reserves: | n.a. |
| Specimen: | available as foil, gauze, sponge, powder or wire. Safe. |
| Abundances | |
|---|---|
| Sun: | 56.2 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
| Earth's crust: | c. 0.001 p.p.m. |
| Seawater: | |
| Residence time: | |
| Classification: | |
| Oxidation state: | II |
Source: Emsley, J. (1998) The Elements (3rd Edition)
Overview of elements with access to our shop
Tel.: +49 (0) 2461 - 9352 - 0
Fax: +49 (0) 2461 - 9352 - 11
Fax: +49 (0) 2461 - 9352 - 11