Material, Technologie
& Kristalle GmbH

Overview elements

English
Deutsch

Cart 0 Product Products

No products

0,00 € Total

Prices are tax excluded

Check out

Product successfully added to your shopping cart

Quantity

There are 0 items in your cart. There is 1 item in your cart.

Total products (tax excl.)

Total shipping (tax excl.) To be determined

Total (tax excl.)

Continue shopping Proceed to checkout

Lead (Pb)

We are a leading manufacturer and supplier of research materials

Lead ₈₂Pb^207.19

Known to ancient civilizations.

French: plomb
German: blei
Italian: piombo
Spanish: plomo

Description: Lead is a soft, weak, ductile, dull grey metal that tarnishes in moist air but is stable to oxygen and water. It dissolves in HNO3. Lead is used in batteries, cables, glass, solder, radiation shielding, etc. A little is still used in paints and petrol but generally this use is being phased out.

Lead single crystal properties

State:	single crystal
Crystal structure:	fcc
Production method:	Bridgman
Standard size:	diameter 10-12mm thickness 1-2mm
Orientation:	(100), (110) and (111)
Orientation accuracy:	<2°, <1°, <0.4° or <0.1°
Polishing:	electrochemical
Roughness of surface:	<0.03µm
Purity:	99.99%
Typical analysis (ppm):	C 3 H < 1 O 9 N < 5 Cu 1.60 Fe 1.80 Ni < 1 Pb 0.30 Si 0.30 Ga, Hf and Ta are below the detection limit

Materials properties

Density:	11.4 g/cm3
Melting point:	327.50 °C / 600.65 °K
Boiling point:	1739.85 °C / 2013 °K
Molar volume:	18.26 cm3
Thermal conductivity:	35.3 [300 K] Wm-1K-1
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion:	29.1 x 10-6 K-1
Electrical resistivity:	20.648x 10-8 [293 K] Wm
Mass magnetic susceptibility:	-1.39 x 10-9(s) kg-1m3
Young's modulus:	16.1 GPa
Rigidity modulus:	5.59 GPa
Bulk modulus:	45.8 GPa
Poisson's ratio:	0.44
Radii:	Pb4+ 84; Pb2+ 132; atomic 175; covalent 154
Electronegativity:	2.33 (Pauling); 1.55 (Allred); 3.90 eV (absolute)
Effective nuclear charge:	5.65 (Slater); 12.39 (Clementi); 15.33 (Froese-Fischer)
Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers):	41
Issotope mass range:	184 -> 214
Crystal structure, (cell dimentions / pm), space group	fcc
X-ray diffraction: mass absorption coefficients:	CuKα 232 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKα 120 (µ/r) / cm2g-1
Neutron scattering length:	0.9405 b/10-12 cm
Thermal neutron capture cross-section:	0.171 sa / barns

Biological data

Biological role:	none
Toxicity
Toxic intake:	c. 50 mg - 100 g
Lethal intake:	LD50 (acetate, intravenous, mouse)=104 mg kg-1
Hazards:	Lead is moderately toxic by ingestion and affects the gut and central nervous system and causes anaemia. However, most ingested lead passes through the body without being absorbed. It is a cumulative
Level in humans
Blood:	0.21 mg dm-3
Bone:	3.6 - 30 p.p.m.
Liver:	3 - 12 p.p.m.
Muscle:	0.23 - 3.3 p.p.m.
Daily dietary intake:	0.06 - 0.5 mg
Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person:	120 mg (stored in skeleton)

Geological data

Mineral	Formula	Density	Hardness	Crystal apperance
Anglesite	PbSO4	6.38	2.5 - 3	orth., adam./greasy white
Boulangerite	Pb5Sb4S11	6.23	2.5 - 3	orth., met. bluish-grey
Bournonite	PbCuSbS3	5.8	2.5 - 3	orth., met. steel-grey
Cerussite	PbCO3	6.55	3 - 3.5	orth., adam./vit. Col.
Galena	PbS	7.58	2.6	cub., met. grey
Minium	Pb3O4	9.05	2.5	tet., greasy red/brown
Pyromorphite	Pb5(PO4)3Cl	7.04	3.5 - 4	hex., barrel-shaped crystals, often hollow

Chief ore:	galena is the main ore (with silver as a by-product), pyromorphite, boulangerite and cerussite are m
World production:	2.8 x 106 tonnes/year
Main mining areas:	galena in USA, Australia, Mexico, West Germany; boulangerite in France.
Reserves:	85 x 106 tonnes
Specimen:	available as foil, granules, ingots, powder, rod, shot and wire. CARE !