Blei (Pb)

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Blei 82Pb207.19

In alten Kulturen bekannt.

French: plomb
German: blei
Italian: piombo
Spanish: plomo


Beschreibung: Weiches, duktiles, mattgraues Metall. Läuft in feuchter Luft an, aber ist gegen Sauerstoff und Wasser beständig, löst sich in Salpetersäure. Verwendet für Akkumulatoren, Kabel, Farben, Glas, Lot, Benzin und zum Strahlenschutz.

 

 

Blei single crystal properties

State: single crystal
Crystal structure: fcc
Production method: Bridgman
Standard size: diameter 10-12mm
thickness 1-2mm
Orientation: (100), (110) and (111)
Orientation accuracy: <2°, <1°, <0.4° or <0.1°
Polishing: electrochemical
Roughness of surface: <0.03µm
Purity: 99.99%
Typical analysis (ppm): C 3
H < 1
O 9
N < 5
Cu 1.60
Fe 1.80
Ni < 1
Pb 0.30
Si 0.30

 
Ga, Hf and Ta are below the detection limit
 

Materials properties

Density: 11.4 g/cm3
Melting point: 327.50 °C / 600.65 °K
Boiling point: 1739.85 °C / 2013 °K
Molar volume: 18.26 cm3
Thermal conductivity: 35.3 [300 K] Wm-1K-1
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: 29.1 x 10-6 K-1
Electrical resistivity: 20.648x 10-8 [293 K] Wm
Mass magnetic susceptibility: -1.39 x 10-9(s) kg-1m3
Young's modulus: 16.1 GPa
Rigidity modulus: 5.59 GPa
Bulk modulus: 45.8 GPa
Poisson's ratio: 0.44 GPa
Radii: Pb4+ 84; Pb2+ 132; atomic 175; covalent 154
Electronegativity: 2.33 (Pauling); 1.55 (Allred); 3.90 eV (absolute)
Effective nuclear charge: 5.65 (Slater); 12.39 (Clementi); 15.33 (Froese-Fischer)
Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): 41
Issotope mass range: 184 -> 214
Crystal structure, (cell dimentions / pm), space group fcc
X-ray diffraction: mass absorption coefficients: CuKα 232 (µ/r) / cm2g-1
MoKα 120 (µ/r) / cm2g-1
Neutron scattering length: 0.9405 b/10-12 cm
Thermal neutron capture cross-section: 0.171 sa / barns

 


Biological data

Biological role: none
Toxicity  
Toxic intake: c. 50 mg - 100 g
Lethal intake: LD50 (acetate, intravenous, mouse)=104 mg kg-1
Hazards: Lead is moderately toxic by ingestion and affects the gut and central nervous system and causes anaemia. However, most ingested lead passes through the body without being absorbed. It is a cumulative
Level in humans  
Blood: 0.21 mg dm-3
Bone: 3.6 - 30 p.p.m.
Liver: 3 - 12 p.p.m.
Muscle: 0.23 - 3.3 p.p.m.
Daily dietary intake: 0.06 - 0.5 mg
Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person: 120 mg (stored in skeleton)

 


Geological data

MineralFormulaDensityHardnessCrystal apperance
Anglesite PbSO4 6.38 2.5 - 3 orth., adam./greasy white
Boulangerite Pb5Sb4S11 6.23 2.5 - 3 orth., met. bluish-grey
Bournonite PbCuSbS3 5.8 2.5 - 3 orth., met. steel-grey
Cerussite PbCO3 6.55 3 - 3.5 orth., adam./vit. Col.
Galena PbS 7.58 2.6 cub., met. grey
Minium Pb3O4 9.05 2.5 tet., greasy red/brown
Pyromorphite Pb5(PO4)3Cl 7.04 3.5 - 4 hex., barrel-shaped crystals, often hollow

 

Chief ore: galena is the main ore (with silver as a by-product), pyromorphite, boulangerite and cerussite are m
World production: 2.8 x 106 tonnes/year
Main mining areas: galena in USA, Australia, Mexico, West Germany; boulangerite in France.
Reserves: 85 x 106 tonnes
Specimen: available as foil, granules, ingots, powder, rod, shot and wire. CARE !

 

Abundances  
Sun: 85.1 (relative to H = 1 x 1012)
Earth's crust: 14 p.p.m.
Seawater:  
Residence time:  
Classification: scavenged
Oxidation state: II

Übersicht der Elemente mit Zugang zu unserem Shop

1 18
H
2 13 14 15 16 17
He
Li Be B C
N
O
F
Ne
Na Mg 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Al Si P S
Cl
Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se
Br
Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo
Tc
Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I
Xe
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi
Po
At
Ra
Fr
Ra
Ac
Ce Pr Nd
Pm
Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu


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