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Indium (In)
We are a leading manufacturer and supplier of research materials
Indium 49In114.82
Indium was discovered in 1863 by Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Richter at Freiberg, Germany.
[Named after the indigo line in its spectrum]
French: indium
German: indium
Italian: indio
Spanish: indio
Description: Indium is a soft, silvery-white metal, and has one of the longest liquid range of all the elements. It is stalbe in air and with water; it dissolves in acids. Indium is used in low-melting alloys in safety devices. Indium arsenide and indium antomonide have uses in transistors and thermistors.
Indium single crystal properties
| State: | single crystal |
|---|---|
| Crystal structure: | tetragonal |
| Production method: | Bridgeman |
| Standard size: | diameter 7mm thickness 3mm |
| Orientation: | (001) |
| Orientation accuracy: | <2°, <1°, <0.4° or <0.1° |
| Polishing: | as cut, <0.1µm |
| Roughness of surface: | |
| Purity: | 99.9999% |
| Typical analysis (ppm): | C 3 H < 1 O 9 N < 5 Cu 1.60 Fe 1.80 Ni < 1 Pb 0.30 Si 0.30 Ga, Hf and Ta are below the detection limit |
Materials properties
| Density: | 7.31 g/cm3 |
|---|---|
| Melting point: | 156.17 °C / 429.32 °K |
| Boiling point: | 2079.85 °C / 2353 °K |
| Molar volume: | 15.71 cm3 |
| Thermal conductivity: | 81.6 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: | 33 x 10-6 K-1 |
| Electrical resistivity: | 8.37x 10-8 [293 K] Wm |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility: | -7.0 x 10-9(s) kg-1m3 |
| Young's modulus: | 10.6 GPa |
| Rigidity modulus: | 3.68 GPa |
| Bulk modulus: | n.a. GPa |
| Poisson's ratio: | 0.45 |
| Radii: | In3+ 92; atomic 163; covalent 150 |
| Electronegativity: | 1.78 (Pauling); 1.49 (Allred); 3.1 eV (absolute) |
| Effective nuclear charge: | 5.00 (Slater); 8.47 (Clementi); 9.66 (Froese-Fischer) |
| Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): | 59 |
| Issotope mass range: | 102 -> 132 |
| Crystal structure, (cell dimentions / pm), space group | tetragonal |
| X-ray diffraction: mass absorption coefficients: | CuKα 243 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKα 29.3 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 |
| Neutron scattering length: | 0.4065 b/10-12 cm |
| Thermal neutron capture cross-section: | 194 sa / barns |
Biological data
| Biological role: | none, but acts to stimulate metabolism |
|---|---|
| Toxicity | |
| Toxic intake: | 30 mg |
| Lethal intake: | LD50 (sulfate, oral, rat)= c. 1200 mg kg-1 |
| Hazards: | Indium is moderately toxic b yingestion and affects the liver, heart and kidneys. It may have teratogentic effects |
| Level in humans | |
| Blood: | n.a., but low |
| Bone: | n.a. |
| Liver: | n.a. |
| Muscle: | c. 0.015 p.p.m. |
| Daily dietary intake: | n.a. but low |
| Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person: | c. 0.4 mg |
Geological data
| Mineral | Formula | Density | Hardness | Crystal apperance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indite | FeIn2S4 | 4.67 | 4.5 | cub., met. white |
| Chief ore: | It is obtained as a by-product of zinc and lead smelting. |
|---|---|
| World production: | 75 tonnes/year |
| Main mining areas: | see zinc and lead |
| Reserves: | >1500 tonnes |
| Specimen: | available as foil, granules, pieces, powder, rod, shot or wire. CARE ! |
| Abundances | |
|---|---|
| Sun: | 44.7 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
| Earth's crust: | 0.049 p.p.m. |
| Seawater: | |
| Residence time: | |
| Classification: | n.a. |
| Oxidation state: | III |
Source: Emsley, J. (1998) The Elements (3rd Edition)
Overview of elements with access to our shop
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Fax: +49 (0) 2461 - 9352 - 11