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Osmium (Os)
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Osmium 76Os190.23
Discovered 1803 by S. Tennant at London, England.
[Greek, osme = smell]
French: osmium
German: Osmium
Italian: osmio
Spanish: osmio
Description: Osmium is a lustrous, silvery metal of the so-called platinum group. It is unaffected by air, water, and acids, but dissolves in molten alkalis. Osmium metal gives off a recognizable smell due to the formation of volatile osmium tetroxide, OsO4. The metalis used in alloys and catalysts.
Further Materials properties
| Crystal structure: |
(cell dimensions/pm), space group, |
|---|---|
| X-ray diffractions mass absorption coefficients: | CuKa 186 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKa 106 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 |
| Neutron scattering length: | 1.07 b/10-12 cm |
| Thermal neutron capture cross-section: | 15 sa / barns |
| Density: | 22 590 kg/m-3 [293 K] |
| Melting point: | 3053.85°C / 3327°K |
| Boiling point: | 5026.85°C / 5300°K |
| Molar volume: | 8.43 cm3 |
| Thermal conductivity: | 87.6 [300 K] W m-1K-1 |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: | 4.3 x 10-6 (a axis); 6.1 x 10-6 (b axis); 6.8 x 10-6 (c axis) K-1 |
| Electrical resistivity: | 8.12 x 10-8 [273 K] Ωm |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility: | +6.5 x 10-10(s) kg-1m3 |
| Radi: | Os4+ 67; Os3+ 81; Os2+ 89; atomic 135; covalent 126 |
| Electronegativity: | 2.2 (Pauling); 1.52 (Allred); 4.9 eV (absolute) |
| Effective nuclear charge: | 3.75 (Slater); 10.32 (Clementi); 14.90 (Froese-Fischer) |
| Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): | 37 |
| Isotope mass range: | 166 -> 196 |
Biological data
| Biological role: | None. |
|---|---|
| Toxicity | The metal itself is not toxic but its volatile oxide, OsO4, is. |
| Toxic intake: | oxide, inhalation, human = 133 µg m-3 |
| Lethal intake: | LD50 (oxide, oral, rat) = 162 mg kg-1 |
| Hazards: | Osmium dust is an irritant to eyes, skin and mucous membranes. |
| Level in humans | n.a. but very low |
| Daily dietary intake: | n.a. |
| Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person: |
n.a. but very low |
Geological data
| Minerals: | Found in free state and as alloy with iridium. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mineral | Formula | Density | Hardness | Crystal apperance |
| Osmiridium | (Ir,Os) | c. 20 | 6 - 7 | cub. met. white |
| Osmium | Os | 22.48 | 7 | hex. met. white |
| Chief ores: | obtained as a by-product of nickel refining |
|---|---|
| World production: | 0.06 tonnes/year |
| Producing areas: | see nickel |
| Reserves: | n.a. |
| Specimen: | available as powder or sponge. Danger! |
| Abundances | |
|---|---|
| Sun: | 5 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
| Earth's crust: | c. 1 x 10-4 ppm |
| Seawater | n.a. but minute |
Source: Emsley, J. (1998) The Elements (3rd Edition)
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