Osmium (Os)

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Osmium 76Os190.23

1803 von S. Tennant in London, UK, entdeckt.

[Griechisch, osme = Geruch]

French: osmium
English: osmium
Italian: osmio
Spanish: osmio


Beschreibung: Glänzendes, silberfarbiges Metall der Platingruppe. Es wird nicht von Luft, Wasser und Säuren angegriffen, löst sich aber in geschmolzenen Alkalien. Wegen der Bildung von flüchtigen OsO4 stark riechend. Verwendung in Legierungen und für Katalysatoren.

  

Further Materials properties

 

Crystal structure:

(cell dimensions/pm), space group, 
h.c.p. (a=273.43, c=432.00), P63/mmc
X-ray diffractions mass absorption coefficients: CuKa 186 (µ/r) / cm2g-1
MoKa 106 (µ/r) / cm2g-1
Neutron scattering length: 1.07 b/10-12 cm
Thermal neutron capture cross-section: 15 sa / barns
Density: 22 590 kg/m-3 [293 K]
Melting point: 3053.85°C / 3327°K
Boiling point: 5026.85°C / 5300°K
Molar volume: 8.43 cm3
Thermal conductivity: 87.6 [300 K] W m-1K-1
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: 4.3 x 10-6 (a axis); 6.1 x 10-6 (b axis); 6.8 x 10-6 (c axis) K-1
Electrical resistivity: 8.12 x 10-8 [273 K] Ωm
Mass magnetic susceptibility: +6.5 x 10-10(s) kg-1m3
Radi: Os4+ 67; Os3+ 81; Os2+ 89; atomic 135; covalent 126
Electronegativity: 2.2 (Pauling); 1.52 (Allred); 4.9 eV (absolute)
Effective nuclear charge: 3.75 (Slater); 10.32 (Clementi); 14.90 (Froese-Fischer)
Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): 37
Isotope mass range: 166 -> 196

 

 

Biological data

 

Biological role: None.
Toxicity The metal itself is not toxic but its volatile oxide, OsO4, is.
Toxic intake: oxide, inhalation, human = 133 µg m-3
Lethal intake: LD50 (oxide, oral, rat) = 162 mg kg-1
Hazards: Osmium dust is an irritant to eyes, skin and mucous membranes.
Level in humans n.a. but very low
Daily dietary intake: n.a. 
Total mass of element in average
[70 kg] person:		 n.a. but very low

 

Geological data

 

Minerals:Found in free state and as alloy with iridium.
MineralFormulaDensityHardnessCrystal apperance
Osmiridium  (Ir,Os) c. 20  6 - 7  cub. met. white
Osmium  Os 22.48  7  hex. met. white

Chief ores: obtained as a by-product of nickel refining
World production: 0.06 tonnes/year
Producing areas: see nickel
Reserves: n.a.
Specimen: available as powder or sponge. Danger!

 

Abundances  
Sun: 5 (relative to H = 1 x 1012)
Earth's crust: c. 1 x 10-4 ppm
Seawater n.a. but minute

  Source: Emsley, J. (1998) The Elements (3rd Edition)

Other sizes and specifications on request


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