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Neodymium (Nd)
We are a leading manufacturer and supplier of research materials
Neodymium 60Nd144.24
Separated in 1885 by Baron Auer von Welsbach at Vienna, Austria.
[Greek, neos didymos = new twin]
French: néodyme
German: Neodym
Italian: neodimio
Spanish: neodimio
Description: Neodymium is a silvery-white metal of the so-called rare earth group (more correctly termed the lanthanides). It tarnishes in air, reacts slowly with cold water, rapidly with hot. Neodymium is used in alloys for permanent magnets, lasers, flints, glazes and glass.
Further Materials properties
| Crystal structure: |
(cell dimensions/pm), space group, |
|---|---|
| X-ray diffractions mass absorption coefficients: | CuKa 374 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKa 53.2 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 |
| Neutron scattering length: | 0.769 b/10-12 cm |
| Thermal neutron capture cross-section: | 49 sa / barns |
| Density: | 7007 kg/m-3 [293 K] |
| Melting point: | 1020.85°C / 1294°K |
| Boiling point: | 3067.85°C / 3341°K |
| Molar volume: | 20.59 cm3 |
| Thermal conductivity: | 16.5 [300 K] W m-1K-1 |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: | 6.7 x 10-6 K-1 |
| Electrical resistivity: | 64.0 x 10-8 [298 K] Ωm |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility: | +4.902 x 10-7(s) kg-1m3 |
| Radi: | Nd3+ 104; atomic 182; covalent 164 |
| Electronegativity: | 1.14 (Pauling); 1.07 (Allred); ≤ 3.0 eV (absolute) |
| Effective nuclear charge: | 2.85 (Slater); 9.31 (Clementi); 10.83 (Froese-Fischer) |
| Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): | 24 |
| Isotope mass range: | 133 -> 154 |
Biological data
| Biological role: | None. |
|---|---|
| Toxicity | |
| Toxic intake: | n.a. |
| Lethal intake: | LD50 (chloride, oral, mouse) = 5250 mg kg-1 |
| Hazards: | Neodymium is mildly toxic by ingestion, but is a skin and eye irritant. |
| Level in humans | n.a. but very low |
| Daily dietary intake: | n.a. |
| Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person: |
n.a. but very low |
Geological data
| Minerals: | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mineral | Formula | Density | Hardness | Crystal apperance |
| Bastnäsite* | (La,Ce,etc.)CO3F | 4.9 | 4 - 5.5 | hex., vit./greasy yellow |
| Monazite* | (Ce, La, Nd, Th, etc.)PO4 | 5.20 | 5 - 5.5 | mon., waxy/vit. yellow-brown |
* Although not a major constituent, neodymium is present in extractable amounts.
| Chief ores: | monazite, bastnäsite |
|---|---|
| World production: | 7300 tonnes/year |
| Producing areas: | USA, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka, Australia |
| Reserves: | c. 8 x 106 tonnes |
| Specimen: | available as chips, or ingots. Safe. Neodymium is also available as powder but dust un the eye is an irritant. Care! |
| Abundances | |
|---|---|
| Sun: | 17.0 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
| Earth's crust: | 38 ppm |
| Seawater | |
| Atlantic surface: | 1.8 x 10-6 ppm |
| Atlantic deep: | 3.2 x 10-6 ppm |
| Pacific surface: | 1.8 x 10-6 ppm |
| Pacific deep: | 4.8 x 10-6 ppm |
| Residence time: | 500 years |
| Classification: | recycled |
| Oxidation state: | III |
Source: Emsley, J. (1998) The Elements (3rd Edition)
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