Erbium (Er)

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Erbium 68Er167.26


Discovered in 1842 by C.G. Mosander at Stockholm, Sweden.

[Named after Ytterby, Sweden]

French: erbium
German: Erbium
Italian: erbio
Spanish: erbio


Description: Erbium is a silvery metal of the so-called rare earth goup (more correctly termed the lanthanides). It slowly tarnishes in air, reacts slowly with water, and dissolves in acids. Erbium is used in infrared-absorbing glass and in alloys with titanium.

  


Further Materials properties

 

Crystal structure:

(cell dimensions/pm), space group, 
a-Er h.c.p. (a=355.88, c=558.74), P62/mmc
β-Er b.c.c. (a=394), Im3m
T(a -> β) = 1640 K

X-ray diffractions mass absorption coefficients: CuKa 134 (µ/r) / cm2g-1
MoKa 77.3 (µ/r) / cm2g-1
Neutron scattering length: 0.816 b/10-12 cm
Thermal neutron capture cross-section: 160 sa / barns
Density: 9066 kg/m-3 [298 K]
Melting point: 1528,85°C / 1802°K
Boiling point: 2862,85°C / 3136°K
Molar volume: 18.44 cm3
Thermal conductivity: 14.3 [300 K] W m-1K-1
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: 9,2 x 10-6 K-1
Electrical resistivity: 87 x 10-8 [298 K] Ωm
Mass magnetic susceptibility: +3.33 x 10-6(s) kg-1m3
Young's modulus: 69.9 GPa
Rigidity modulus: 28.3 GPa
Bulk modulus: 44.4 GPa
Poisson's ratio: 0.237 GPa
Radi: Er3+ 89; atomic 176; covalent 157
Electronegativity: 1.24 (Pauling); 1.14 (Allred); ≤3.3 eV (absolute)
Effective nuclear charge: 2.85 (Slater); 8.48 (Clementi); 11.70 (Froese-Fischer)
Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): 25
Isotope mass range: 150-> 173

 

 


Biological data

 

Biological role: None, but acts to stimulate metabolism.
Toxicity
Toxic intake: n.a.
Lethal intake: LD50 (chloride, oral, mouse) = 6200 mg Kg-1
Hazards: Cerium is mildly toxic by ingestion.
Level in humans  n.a. but low
Blood: n.a.
Bone: n.a.
Liver: n.a.
Muscle: n.a.
Daily dietary intake: n.a. 
Total mass of element in average
[70 kg] person:
n.a.

 

Geological data

 

Minerals:
MineralFormulaDensityHardnessCrystal apperance
Bastnäsite*  (Ce, La, etc.) CO3F  4.9  4 - 4.5  mon., waxy/ vit. yellow
Monazite*  (Ce, La, Nd, Th, etc.)PO4  5.20  5 - 5.5  mon., waxy/ vit. yellow-brown

* Although not a major constituent, erbium is present in extractable amounts.

Chief ores: monazite, bastnäsite
World production: c. 500 tonnes/year
Main mining areas: USA, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka, Australia
Reserves: c. 1 x 106 tonnes
Specimen: available as chips, ingots or powder. Safer.

 

Abundances  
Sun: 5.8 (relative to H = 1 x 1012)
Earth's crust: 3.8 ppm
Seawater
Altantic surface: 5.9 x 10-7 ppm
Atlantic deep: 8.6 x 10-7 ppm
Pacific surface: n.a.
Pacific deep: n.a.
Residence time: 400 years
Classification: recycled
Oxidation state: III

  Source: Emsley, J. (1998) The Elements (3rd Edition)

Other sizes and specifications on request


Overview of elements with access to our shop

1 18
H
2 13 14 15 16 17
He
Li Be B C
N
O
F
Ne
Na Mg 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Al Si P S
Cl
Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se
Br
Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo
Tc
Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I
Xe
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi
Po
At
Ra
Fr
Ra
Ac
Ce Pr Nd
Pm
Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu


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