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Silver (Ag)
We are a leading manufacturer and supplier of research materials
Silver 47Ag107.870
Known to ancient civilizations
[Anglo-saxon: siolfur = silver; Latin: argentum]
French: argent
German: Silber
Italian: argento
Spanish: plata
Description: Silver is a soft, malleable metal with a characteristic silver sheen when polished. It is stable to water and oxygen but is slowly attacked by sulfur compounds in the air to form a black sulfide layer. Silver dissolves in H2SO4 and HNO3. The metal is used for siverware, jewellery, mirrors and in the electrical industry because of its exellent conductivity; silver salts are used in photography.
Silver single crystal properties
| State: | Single crystal |
|---|---|
| Crystal structure: | fcc |
| Production method: | Czochralski |
| Standard size: | diameter 8-20mm thickness 1-2mm |
| Orientation: | (100), (110) and (111) |
| Orientation accuracy: | <2°, <1°, <0.4° or <0.1° |
| Polishing: | s cut, one or two sides polished |
| Roughness of surface: | <0.03µm |
| Purity: | 99.999% |
| Typical analysis (ppm): | Au 1 Cu 2 Fe 2 Ni 1 Ag balance Al, Cd, Mg, Mn, Pt, Pd are below the detection limit |
Materials properties
| Density: | 10.5 g/cm3 |
|---|---|
| Melting point: | 961.93 °C / 1235.08 °K |
| Boiling point: | 2211.85 °C / 2485 °K |
| Molar volume: | 10.27 cm3 |
| Thermal conductivity: | 429 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: | 19.2 x 10-6 K-1 |
| Electrical resistivity: | 1.59x10-8 [293 K] Wm |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility: | -2.27 x 10-9(s) kg-1m3< |
| Young's modulus: | 82.7 GPa |
| Rigidity modulus: | 30.3 GPa |
| Bulk modulus: | 103.6 GPa |
| Poisson's ratio: | 0.367 |
| Radii: | Ag2+ 89; Ag+ 113; atomic 144 |
| Electronegativity: | 1.93 (Pauling); 1.42 (Allred); 4.44 eV (absolute) |
| Effective nuclear charge: | 4.20 (Slater); 8.03 (Clementi); 11.35 (Froese-Fischer) |
| Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): | 46 |
| Issotope mass range: | 96 -> 122 |
| Crystal structure, (cell dimentions / pm), space group | f.c.c. (a=408.626), Fm3m |
| X-ray diffraction: mass absorption coefficients: | CuKa 218 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 MoK |
| Neutron scattering length: | 63.6 |
Biological data
| Biological role: | none, especially toxic to lower organisms |
|---|---|
| Toxicity | |
| Toxic intake: | soluble salts, ingestion, human = 1 g |
| Lethal intake: | LD50 (nitrate, oral, mouse)=50 mg kg-1 |
| Hazards: | Soluble silver salts irritate the skin and mucous membranes and can cause death if ingested even in small doses. Silver is a suspected carcinogen |
| Level in humans | |
| Blood: | <0.003 mg dm-3 |
| Bone: | 0.01 - 0.44 p.p.m. |
| Liver: | 0.005 - 0.25 p.p.m. |
| Muscle: | 0.009 - 0.28 p.p.m. |
| Daily dietary intake: | 0.0014 - 0.08 mg |
| Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person: | 2 mg |
Geological data
| Mineral | Formula | Density | Hardness | Crystal apperance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acanthite | Ag2S | 7.2 | 2 - 2.5 | mon., met. black -lead grey |
| Chlorargyrite | AgCl | 5.556 | 2.5 | cub., res./adam. col./grey |
| Polybasite | (Cu, Ag)16Sb2S11 | 6.1 | 2 - 3 | mon., met. black |
| Stephanite | Ag5SbS4 | 6.26 | 2 - 2.5 | orth., met. black |
| Chief ore: | acanthite, stephanite |
|---|---|
| World production: | 9950 tonnes/year |
| Main mining areas: | acanthite in Mexico, Bolivia, Honduras, stephanite in Canada. Silver is obtained as a by-product in the refining of other metals such as copper. |
| Reserves: | 1 x 106 tonnes |
| Specimen: | available as crystals, flake, foil, granules, powder, rod, wire or wool. Safe. |
| Abundances | |
|---|---|
| Sun: | 7.1 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
| Earth's crust: | 0.07 p.p.m. |
| Seawater: | Atlantic surface: n.a. Atlantic deep: n.a. Pacific surface: 1 x 10-7 p.p.m. Pacific deep: 24 x 10-7 p.p.m. |
| Residence time: | 5000 years |
| Classification: | recycled |
| Oxidation state: | I |
Source: Emsley, J. (1998) The Elements (3rd Edition)
Overview of elements with access to our shop
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Fax: +49 (0) 2461 - 9352 - 11