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Rhodium (Rh)
We are a leading manufacturer and supplier of research materials
Rhodium 45Rh102.905
Discovered in 1803 by W.H. Wollaston at London, England.
[Greek, rhodon = rose]
French: rhodium
German: Rhodium
Italian: rodio
Spanish: rodio
Description: Rhodium is a rare, lustrous, silvery, hard metal of the so-called platinum group. It is unaffected by air and water up to 875 K, and unaffected by acids, but is attacked by molten alkalis. Rhodium is used as a catalyst.
Rhodium single crystal properties
| State: | single crystal |
|---|---|
| Crystal structure: | fcc |
| Production method: | Floating Zone |
| Standard size: | diameter 6-10mm thickness 1-2mm |
| Orientation: | (100), (110) and (111) |
| Orientation accuracy: | <2°, <1°, <0.4° or <0.1° |
| Polishing: | as cut, one or two sides polished |
| Roughness of surface: | <0.03µm |
| Purity: | 99.99% |
| Typical analysis (ppm): | C 3 H < 1 O 9 N < 5 Cu 1.60 Fe 1.80 Ni < 1 Pb 0.30 Si 0.30 Ga, Hf and Ta are below the detection limit |
Materials properties
| Density: | 12.4 g/cm3 |
|---|---|
| Melting point: | 1965.85 °C / 2239 °K |
| Boiling point: | 3726.85 °C / 4000 °K |
| Molar volume: | 8.29 cm3 |
| Thermal conductivity: | 150 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: | 8.40 x 10-6 K-1 |
| Electrical resistivity: | 4.51x 10-8 [293 K] Wm |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility: | +1.36 x 10-8(s) kg-1m3 |
| Young's modulus: | 379 GPa |
| Rigidity modulus: | 147 GPa |
| Bulk modulus: | 276 GPa |
| Poisson's ratio: | 0.26 |
| Radii: | Rh4+ 67; Rh3+ 75; Rh2+ 86; atomic 134; covalent 12 |
| Electronegativity: | 2.28 (Pauling); 1.45 (Allred); 4.30 eV (absolute) |
| Effective nuclear charge: | 3.90 (Slater); 7.64 (Clementi); 10.85 (Froese-Fischer) |
| Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): | 34 |
| Issotope mass range: | 94m -> 112 |
| Crystal structure, (cell dimentions / pm), space group | fcc |
| X-ray diffraction: mass absorption coefficients: | CuKα 194 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKα 22.6 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 |
| Neutron scattering length: | 0.588 b/10-12 cm |
| Thermal neutron capture cross-section: | 144.8 sa / barns |
Biological data
| Biological role: | none |
|---|---|
| Toxicity | |
| Toxic intake: | most rhodium compounds are slightly toxic by ingestion. |
| Lethal intake: | LD50 (RhCl3, ortal, rat)= 12.6 mg kg-1 |
| Hazards: | There are few reported cases of humans being affected by rhodium, but it is an experimental carcinogen. |
| Level in humans | |
| Blood: | |
| Bone: | |
| Liver: | |
| Muscle: | |
| Daily dietary intake: | n.a. |
| Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person: | n.a. |
Geological data
| Mineral | Formula | Density | Hardness | Crystal apperance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rhodium | Rh | c. 12 | 3.5 | cub., met. white |
| Rhodplumsite | Ph3Pb2S2 | 9.74 | n.a. | rhom., met. cream-pink/grey-blue |
| Chief ore: | native rhodium is found in Montana, USA; certain copper and nickel ores contain up to 0.1% rhodium a |
|---|---|
| World production: | 3 tonnes/year |
| Main mining areas: | see copper and nickel |
| Reserves: | n.a. |
| Specimen: | available as foil, sponge or wire. Safe. |
| Abundances | |
|---|---|
| Sun: | 25.1 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
| Earth's crust: | 2 x 10-4 p.p.m. |
| Seawater: | |
| Residence time: | |
| Classification: | |
| Oxidation state: |
Source: Emsley, J. (1998) The Elements (3rd Edition)
Overview of elements with access to our shop
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Fax: +49 (0) 2461 - 9352 - 11