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Molybdenum (Mo)
We are a leading manufacturer and supplier of research materials
Molybdenum 42Mo95.94
Isolated in 1781 by P.J. Hjelm at Uppsala, Sweden.
[Greek, molybdos = lead]
French: Molybdène
German: Molybdän
Italian: Molibdeno
Spanish: Molibdeno
Description: Molybdenum is a lustous, silvery metal which is fairly soft when pure. It is usually obtained as a grey powder. It is attacked slowly by acids. It is used in alloys, electrodes and catalysts.
Molybdenum single crystal properties
| State: | single crystal |
|---|---|
| Crystal structure: | bcc |
| Production method: | Floating Zone |
| Standard size: | diameter 8-12mm thickness 1-2mm |
| Orientation: | (100), (110) and (111) |
| Orientation accuracy: | <2°, <1°, <0.4° or <0.1° |
| Polishing: | as cut, one or two sides polished |
| Roughness of surface: | <0.03µm |
| Purity: | 99.99% |
| Typical analysis (ppm): | C 3 H < 1 O 9 N < 5 Cu 1.60 Fe 1.80 Ni < 1 Pb 0.30 Si 0.30 Ga, Hf and Ta are below the detection limit |
Materials properties
| Density: | 10.2 g/cm3 |
|---|---|
| Melting point: | 2616.85 °C / 2890 °K |
| Boiling point: | 4611.85 °C / 4885 °K |
| Molar volume: | 9.39 cm3 |
| Thermal conductivity: | 138 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: | 5.43 x 10-6 K-1 |
| Electrical resistivity: | 5.2x 10-8 [273 K] Wm |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility: | +1.2 x 10-8(s) kg-1m3 |
| Young's modulus: | 324.8 GPa |
| Rigidity modulus: | 125.6 GPa |
| Bulk modulus: | 261.2 GPa |
| Poisson's ratio: | 0.293 |
| Radii: | Mo6+ 62; Mo2+ 92; atomic 136; covalent 129 |
| Electronegativity: | 2.16 (Pauling); 1.30 (Allred); 3.9 eV (absolute) |
| Effective nuclear charge: | 3.45 (Slater); 6.98 (Clementi); 9.95 (Froese-Fischer) |
| Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): | 23 |
| Issotope mass range: | 88 -> 106 |
| Crystal structure, (cell dimentions / pm), space group | bcc |
| X-ray diffraction: mass absorption coefficients: | CuKα 162 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKα 18.4 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 |
| Neutron scattering length: | 0.6715 b/10-12 cm |
| Thermal neutron capture cross-section: | 2.60 sa / barns |
Biological data
| Biological role: | essential to all species. |
|---|---|
| Toxicity | |
| Toxic intake: | n.a. |
| Lethal intake: | LD50 (MoO2, subcutaneous, mouse)=318 mg kg-1 |
| Hazards: | Animal experiments show molybdenum compunds to be highly toxic and teratogenic, but there is little human data. |
| Level in humans | |
| Blood: | c. 0.001 mg dm-3 |
| Bone: | <0.7 p.p.m. |
| Liver: | 1.3 - 5.8 p.p.m. |
| Muscle: | 0.018 p.p.m. |
| Daily dietary intake: | 0.05 - 0.35 mg |
| Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person: | 5 mg |
Geological data
| Mineral | Formula | Density | Hardness | Crystal apperance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molybdenite | MoS2 | 4.7 | 1 - 1.5 | hex. met. grey |
| Wulfenite | PbMoO4 | 6.78 | 2.7 - 3 | tet., res. adam. orange |
| Chief ore: | molybdenite; wulfenite to lesser extent; also obtained as by-product of copper production. |
|---|---|
| World production: | 80 000 tonnes/year |
| Main mining areas: | USA, Australia, Italy, Norway, Bolivia |
| Reserves: | 5 x 106 tonnes |
| Specimen: | available as foil, powder rod or wire. Safe. |
| Abundances | |
|---|---|
| Sun: | 145 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
| Earth's crust: | 1.5 p.p.m. |
| Seawater: | |
| Residence time: | |
| Classification: | accumulating |
| Oxidation state: | VI |
Source: Emsley, J. (1998) The Elements (3rd Edition)
Overview of elements with access to our shop
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Fax: +49 (0) 2461 - 9352 - 11