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Iridium (Ir)
We are a leading manufacturer and supplier of research materials
Iridium 77Ir192.2
Discovered in 1803 by S. Tennant at London, England.
[Named after the indigo line in its spectrum]
French: iridium
German: iridium
Italian: iridio
Spanish: iridio
Description: Iridium is a hard, lustrous, silvery metal of the so-called platinum group. It is unaffected by air, water, and acids, but dissolves in molten alkali. Iridium is used in special alloys and spark plugs.
Iridium single crystal properties
| State: | single crystal |
|---|---|
| Crystal structure: | fcc |
| Production method: | Floating zone |
| Standard size: | diameter 8-10mm thickness 1-2 |
| Orientation: | (100), (110) and (111) |
| Orientation accuracy: | <2°, <1°, <0.4° or <0.1° |
| Polishing: | as cut, one or two sides polished |
| Roughness of surface: | <0.03µm |
| Purity: | 99.99% |
| Typical analysis (ppm): | C 3 H < 1 O 9 N < 5 Cu 1.60 Fe 1.80 Ni < 1 Pb 0.30 Si 0.30 Ga, Hf and Ta are below the detection limit |
Materials properties
| Density: | 22.5 g/cm3 |
|---|---|
| Melting point: | 2409.85 °C / 2683 °K |
| Boiling point: | 4129.85 °C / 4403 °K |
| Molar volume: | 8.57 cm3 |
| Thermal conductivity: | 147 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: | 6.4 x 10-6 K-1 |
| Electrical resistivity: | 5.3x 10-8 [293 K] Wm |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility: | +1.67 x 10-9(s) kg-1m3 |
| Young's modulus: | 528 GPa |
| Rigidity modulus: | 209 GPa |
| Bulk modulus: | 371 GPa |
| Poisson's ratio: | 0.26 |
| Radii: | Ir4+ 66; Ir3+ 75; Ir2+ 89; atomic 136; covalent 12 |
| Electronegativity: | 2.20 (Pauling); 1.55 (Allred); 5.4 eV (absolute) |
| Effective nuclear charge: | 3.90 (Slater); 10.57 (Clementi); 15.33 (Froese-Fischer) |
| Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): | 40 |
| Issotope mass range: | 170 -> 198 |
| Crystal structure, (cell dimentions / pm), space group | fcc |
| X-ray diffraction: mass absorption coefficients: | CuKα 193 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKα 110 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 |
| Neutron scattering length: | 1.06 b/10-12 cm |
| Thermal neutron capture cross-section: | 425 sa / barns |
Biological data
| Biological role: | none |
|---|---|
| Toxicity | |
| Toxic intake: | the pure metal is clinically inet; data on compounds is sparse. |
| Lethal intake: | LD50 (chloride, oral, mouse) = 8.12 mg kg-1 |
| Hazards: | Indium chloride is moderately toxic by ingestion, but most compunds are insoluble and not absorbed by the body. |
| Level in humans | |
| Blood: | n.a., but very low |
| Bone: | n.a. |
| Liver: | n.a. |
| Muscle: | c. 2 x 10-5 p.p.m. |
| Daily dietary intake: | n.a., but very low |
| Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person: | n.a. |
Geological data
| Mineral | Formula | Density | Hardness | Crystal apperance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iridium | IR | 22.4 | 6 - 6.5 | cub., met. white |
| Iridosmine | (Os, Ir) | 20 | 6 - 7 | hex., met. white/grey |
| Osmiridium | (Ir, Os) | 20 | 6 - 7 | cub., met. white |
| Chief ore: | osmiridium; also found with platinum ores |
|---|---|
| World production: | 3 tonnes/year |
| Main mining areas: | Canada for native element; see also platinum. |
| Reserves: | n.a. |
| Specimen: | available as foil, powder, spronge or wire. Safe. |
| Abundances | |
|---|---|
| Sun: | 7.1 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
| Earth's crust: | 3 x 10-6 p.p.m. |
| Seawater: | |
| Residence time: | |
| Classification: | |
| Oxidation state: |
Source: Emsley, J. (1998) The Elements (3rd Edition)
Overview of elements with access to our shop
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Fax: +49 (0) 2461 - 9352 - 11