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Holmium single crystal 67Ho164.930
We are a leading manufacturer and supplier of research materials
Holmium 67Ho164.930
Holmium was discoverd in 1878 by P.T. Cleve at Uppsala, Sweden, and independently by M. Delafontaine and J.L. Soret at Geneva, Switzerland.
[Greek: Holmia = Sweden]
French: holmium
German: holmium
Italian: olmio
Spanish: holmio
Description: Holmium is a silvery metal of the so-called rare earth group (more correctly termed the lanthanides). It is slowly attacked by oxygen and water, and dissolves in acids. Holmium is used as a flux concentrator for high magnetic fields.
Holmium single crystal properties
| State: | Single crystal |
|---|---|
| Crystal structure: | hexagonal |
| Production method: | Floating zone |
| Standard size: | diameter 7-8mm thickness 1mm |
| Orientation: | (0001) |
| Orientation accuracy: | <2°, <1°, <0.4° or <0.1° |
| Polishing: | as cut, one or two sides polished |
| Roughness of surface: | <0.03 µm |
| Purity: | 99.99% |
Further Materials properties
| Crystal structure: | (cell dimensions/pm), space group a-Ho h.c.p. (a=357.73, c=561.58), P63/mmc b-Ho b.c.c. (a=396), Im3m T(a -> a)= just below melting point High pressure form: (a=334, c=2410), R3m |
|---|---|
| X-ray diffractions mass absorption coefficients: | CuKa 128 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKa 73.9 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 |
| Neutron scattering length: | 0.808 b/10-12 cm |
| Thermal neutron capture cross-section: | 65 sa / barns |
| Density: | 8.8 kg/m-3 [293 K]; 2390 [liquid at m.p.] |
| Melting point: | 1473.85 °C / 1747 °K |
| Boiling point: | 2694.85 °C / 2968 °K |
| Molar volume: | 18.75 cm3 |
| Thermal conductivity: | 16.2 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: | 9.5 x 10-6 K-1 |
| Electrical resistivity: | 87.0 x 10-8 [293 K] Wm |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility: | +5.49 x 10-6(s) kg-1m3 |
| Young's modulus: | 64.8 GPa |
| Rigidity modulus: | 26.3 GPa |
| Bulk modulus: | 40.2 GPa |
| Poisson's ratio: | 0.231 GPa |
| Radi: | Ho3+ 89; atomic 177; covalent 158 |
| Electronegativity: | 1.23 (Pauling); 1.10 (Allred); £3.3 eV (absolute) |
| Effective nuclear charge: | 2.85 (Slater); 8.44 (Clementi); 11.60 (Froese-Fischer) |
| Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): | 39 |
| Isotope mass range: | 148 -> 170 |
Biological data
| Biological role: | none, but acts to stimulate metabolism |
|---|---|
| Toxicity | |
| Toxic intake: | n.a. |
| Lethal intake: | LD50 (chloride, oral, mouse)=7200 mg kg-1 |
| Hazards: | Holmium is mildly toxic by ingestion |
| Level in humans | |
| Organs: | n.a., but low |
| Daily dietary intake: | n.a. |
| Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person: |
n.a. |
Geological data
| Minerals: | Many minerals are known, and aluminium is present in many other minerals | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mineral | Formula | Density | Hardness | Crystal apperance |
| Bastnäsite | (Ce, La etc.) Co3F | 4.9 | 4 - 4.5 | hex., vit./greasy yellow |
| Monazite | (Ce, La, Nd, Th etc.) PO4 | 5.20 | 5 - 5.5 | mon., waxy/vit., yellow-brown |
| Chief ore: | monazite, bastnäsite |
|---|---|
| World production: | c. 10 tonnes/year |
| Main mining areas: | USA, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka, Australia, China |
| Reserves: | 4 x 105 tonnes |
| Specimen: | available as ingots or granules. Safe. |
| Abundances | |
|---|---|
| Sun: | n.a. |
| Earth's crust: | 1.4 ppm |
| Seawater: | |
| Atlantic surface: | 2.4 x 10-7 ppm |
| Atlantic deep: | 2.9 x 10-7 ppm |
| Pacific surface: | 1.6 x 10-7 ppm |
| Pacific deep: | 5.8 x 10-7 ppm |
| Residence time: | n.a. |
| Classification: | recycled |
| Oxidation state: | III |
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