Germanium (Ge)

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Crystallographic

Syngony Cubic
Symmetry Class m3m
Lattice Constants a = 5.657 Å
c = a
Cleavability (111), perfect
 

Optical

Refractive Index at n10.6 4.0034
Refractive Index at n8.0 - n12.5 0.0036
Thermal Coefficient of Refractive Index at 3.39 microns for ±60 °C 35 - 40 x 10-5
Transmission Range, microns 2 - 17
 

Thermal

Thermal Linear Expansion, °C-1
for ±60 °C
(5.1 ... 5.8) x 10-6
Thermal Conductivity, W/(m * °C)
at 27 °C
59.8
Specific Heat Capacity, J/(kg * °C) 0.310
Melting Point, °C 937
Absorbance m (l), cm -1  
  at 10.6 microns 0.027
 

Mechanical

Density, g/cm3 at 25 °C 5.33
Mohs Hardness 6
Vickers Microhardness, Pa 900 x 107
Constants of Elastic Compliance, Pa-1 S11 = 9.69 x 10-12
S12 = -2.65 x 10-12
S44 = 14.89 x 10-12
Young Modulus (E), Pa  
   in <100> direction 10.32x 1010
   in <111> direction 15.56 x 1010
Shear Modulus (G), Pa  
   in <100> direction 6.72 x 1010
   in <111> direction 4.67 x 1010
Poisson Ratio 0.278
 

Chemical

Molecular Weight 72.61
Solubility  
   in water, gram/100 cm3 insoluble
 

Ref. Index vs. Wavelength l

Wavelength, Microns Refractive Index
2.0 4.1079
3.0 4.0446
4.0 4.0242
5.0 4.0153
6.0 4.0106
7.0 4.0076
8.0 4.0053
9.0 4.0047
10.0 4.0040
11.0 4.0031
12.0 4.0029
12.5 4.0024
15.0 4.0017
 

Internal Transmittance

Wavelength, Microns Internal Transmittance
3.0 0.97
5.0 0.97
6.0 0.97
7.0 0.97
8.0 0.97
9.0 0.97
10.0 0.96
12.0 0.70
15.0 0.56
Source: Emsley, J. (1998) The Elements (3rd Edition)

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Overview of elements with access to our shop

1 18
H
2 13 14 15 16 17
He
Li Be B C
N
O
F
Ne
Na Mg 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Al Si P S
Cl
Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se
Br
Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo
Tc
Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I
Xe
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi
Po
At
Ra
Fr
Ra
Ac
Ce Pr Nd
Pm
Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu


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