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Aluminum (Al)
We are a leading manufacturer and supplier of research materials
Aluminium 13Al26.9815
Discovered in 1825 by Ørsted at Copenhagen, Denmark.
[Latin: alumen = alum]
French: aluminium
German: aluminium
Italian: alluminio
Spanish: aluminio
Description: Pure aluminium is soft and malleable, but can be toughened by alloying with small amounts of other metals like copper and magnesium. Aluminium objects are protected from reacting with air and water by an oxide film which forms rapidly on the surface. Aluminium is soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid and in sodium hydroxide solution. The metal and its alloys have hundreds of uses in the vehicle, aircraft, and construction industries. It is used to make cans kegs, wrapping foil, household utensils, etc.
Aluminium single crystal properties
| State: | Single crystal |
|---|---|
| Crystal structure: | fcc |
| Production method: | Bridgman or Czochralski |
| Standard size: | diameter 12-20mm thickness 1-2mm |
| Orientation: | (100), (110) and (111) |
| Orientation accuracy: | <2°, <1°, <0.4° or <0.1° |
| Polishing: | as cut, one or two sides polished |
| Roughness of surface: | <0.03 µm |
| Purity: | 99.9999% |
| Typical analysis (ppm): | Ag < 0.005 As < 0.2 B < 0.005 Ba < 0.1 Be < 0.005 Bi < 0.005 Ca < 0.050 Ce < 1.0 Cl < 1.0 Co < 0.1 Cr 0.009 Cs < 0.5 Cu < 0.4 F < 0.9 Fe 0.163 Ga < 0.005 Ge < 0.5 In < 0.005 K < 0.1 La < 0.5 Li < 0.1 |
Mg 0.403 Mn 0.025 Mo < 0.2 Na 0.014 Ni < 0.005 O < 10 P 0.049 Pb < 0.005 Pd < 0.5 Pt < 0.5 S < 0.9 Sb < 0.005 Si 0.223 Sn < 0.2 Th 1.9 ppb Ti 0.016 U 0.9 ppb V 0.006 W < 0.5 Zn 0.024 Zr 0.005 Al balance |
|---|
Further Materials properties
| Crystal structure: | (cell dimensions/pm), space group, fcc (a = 404.959), Fm3m |
|---|---|
| X-ray diffractions mass absorption coefficients: | CuKa 48.6 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKa 5.16 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 |
| Neutron scattering length: | 0.3449 b/10-12 cm |
| Thermal neutron capture cross-section: | 0.231 sa / barns |
| Density: | 2698 kg/m-3 [293 K]; 2390 [liquid at m.p.] |
| Melting point: | 660.37 °C / 933.52 °K |
| Boiling point: | 2466.85 °C / 2740 °K |
| Molar volume: | 10.00 cm3 |
| Thermal conductivity: | 237 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: | 23.03 x 10-6 K-1 |
| Electrical resistivity: | 2.6548x10-8 [293 K] Wm |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility: | +7.7 x 10-9(s) kg-1m3 |
| Young's modulus: | 70.6 GPa |
| Rigidity modulus: | 26.2 GPa |
| Bulk modulus: | 75.2 GPa |
| Poisson's ratio: | 0.345 GPa |
| Radi: | Al3+ 57; atomic 143; covalent 125; van der Waals 205 |
| Electronegativity: | 1.61 (Pauling); 1.47 (Allred); 3.23 eV (absolute) |
| Effective nuclear charge: | 3.50 (Slater); 4.07 (Clementi); 3.64 (Froese-Fischer) |
| Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): | 11 |
| Isotope mass range: | 22 -> 31 |
Biological data
| Biological role: | Al has no known biological role |
|---|---|
| Toxicity | |
| Toxic intake: | 5 g |
| Lethal intake: | n.a. |
| Hazards: | Aluminium accumultates in the body from a daily intake. Its compounds are used as food additives and in indigestion tablets. |
| Level in humans | |
| Blood: | 0.39 mg dm-3 |
| Bone: | 4 - 27 ppm |
| Liver: | 3 - 23 ppm |
| Muscle: | 0.7 - 28 ppm |
| Daily dietary intake: | 2.45 mg |
| Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person: |
60 mg |
Geological data
| Minerals: | Many minerals are known, and aluminium is present in many other minerals | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mineral | Formula | Density | Hardness | Crystal apperance |
| Bauxite | AlO(OH) | 2.3 | 1 - 3 | rarely found as single crystals |
| Boehmite | AlO(OH) | 3.07 | 3 | orth., white/brown, microscopic |
| Diaspore | AlO(OH) | 3.3 - 3.5 | 6.5 - 7 | orth., white, thin plates |
| Gibbsite | Al(OH)3 | 2.40 | 2.5 - 3.5 | mon., pearly white, hexagonal |
| Chief ore: | bauxite; diaspore is a constituent of bauxite |
|---|---|
| World production: | 15 x 106 tonnes/year |
| Main mining areas: | Surinam, Jamaica, Ghana, Indonesia, Russia |
| Reserves: | 6 x 109 tonnes |
| Specimen: | available as foil, granules, ingots, pellets, powder, rod, shot or wire. Safe. Al-Powder can react dangerously with other materials |
| Abundances | |
|---|---|
| Sun: | 3.3 x 106 (relative to H = 1 x 1023) |
| Earth's crust: | 82000 ppm |
| Seawater: | |
| Atlantic surface: | 9.7 x 10-4 ppm |
| Atlantic deep: | 5.2 x 10-4 ppm |
| Pacific surface: | 1.3 x 10-4 ppm |
| Pacific deep: | 0.13 x 10-4 ppm |
| Residence time: | 150 years |
| Classification: | scavenged |
| Oxidation state: | III |
Other sizes and specifications on request
Overview of elements with access to our shop
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