Lutetium 71Lu174.967
Lutetium was discovered in 1907 by G. Urbain at Paris, France, and independently by C. James at the Universität of New Hampshire, USA.
[Greek, Lutetia = Paris]
French: lutétium
German: Lutetium
Italian: lutezio
Spanish: lutecio
Description: Lutetium is the hardest, densest and one of the rarest so-called rare-earth metals. It is little used except in chemical research.
Further Materials properties
| Crystal structure: |
(cell dimensions/pm), space group,
α-Lu h.c.p. (a=350.31, c=555.09), P63/mmc
β-La b.c.c. (a=390), Im3m
|
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| X-ray diffractions mass absorption coefficients: |
CuKa 153 (µ/r) / cm2g-1
MoKa 88.2 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 |
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| Neutron scattering length: |
0.721 b/10-12 cm |
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| Thermal neutron capture cross-section: |
84 sa / barns |
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| Density: |
9840 kg/m-3 [298 K] |
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| Melting point: |
1662.85°C / 1936°K |
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| Boiling point: |
3394.85°C / 3668°K |
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| Molar volume: |
17.78 cm3 |
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| Thermal conductivity: |
16.4 [300 K] W m-1K-1 |
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| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: |
8.12 x 10-6 K-1 |
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| Electrical resistivity: |
79.0 x 10-8 [298 K] Ωm |
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| Mass magnetic susceptibility: |
+1.3 x 10-9(s) kg-1m3 |
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| Radi: |
Lu3+ 85; atomic 173; covalent 156 |
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| Electronegativity: |
1.27 (Pauling); 1.14 (Allred); ≤ 3.0 eV (absolute) |
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| Effective nuclear charge: |
3.00 (Slater); 8.80 (Clementi); 12.68 (Froese-Fischer) |
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| Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): |
41 |
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| Isotope mass range: |
154-> 182 |
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Biological data
| Biological role: |
None, but acts to stimulate metabolism. |
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| Toxicity |
|
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| Toxic intake: |
n.a. |
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| Lethal intake: |
LD50 (chloride, oral, mouse) = 7100 mg Kg-1 |
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| Hazards: |
Lanthanum is mildly toxic by ingestion. |
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| Level in humans |
n.a. but very low |
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| Daily dietary intake: |
n.a. |
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Total mass of element in average
[70 kg] person: |
n.a. but very low |
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Geological data
| Minerals: | |
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| Mineral | Formula | Density | Hardness | Crystal apperance |
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| Bastnäsite* |
(La,Ce,etc.)CO3F |
4.9 |
4 - 5.5 |
hex., vit./greasy yellow |
| Monazite* |
(Ce, La, Nd, Th, etc.)PO4 |
5.20 |
5 - 5.5 |
mon., waxy/vit. yellow-brown |
* Although not a major constituent, lutetium is present in extractable amounts.
| Chief ores: |
monazite, bastnäsite |
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| World production: |
c. 10 tonnes/year |
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| Producing areas: |
USA, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka, Australia, China |
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| Reserves: |
c. 2 x 105 tonnes |
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| Specimen: |
available as ingots or powder. Safe! |
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| Abundances |
|
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| Sun: |
5.8 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
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| Earth's crust: |
0.51 ppm |
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| Seawater |
|
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| Atlantic surface: |
1.4 x 10-7 ppm |
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| Atlantic deep: |
2.0 x 10-7 ppm |
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| Pacific surface: |
0.60 x 10-7 ppm |
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| Pacific deep: |
4.1 x 10-7 ppm |
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| Residence time: |
4000 years |
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| Classification: |
recycled |
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| Oxidation state: |
III |
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Source: Emsley, J. (1998) The Elements (3rd Edition)
Other sizes and specifications on request
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