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Lutetium (Lu)
We are a leading manufacturer and supplier of research materials
Lutetium 71Lu174.967
Lutetium was discovered in 1907 by G. Urbain at Paris, France, and independently by C. James at the Universität of New Hampshire, USA.
[Greek, Lutetia = Paris]
French: lutétium
German: Lutetium
Italian: lutezio
Spanish: lutecio
Description: Lutetium is the hardest, densest and one of the rarest so-called rare-earth metals. It is little used except in chemical research.
Further Materials properties
| Crystal structure: |
(cell dimensions/pm), space group, |
|---|---|
| X-ray diffractions mass absorption coefficients: | CuKa 153 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKa 88.2 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 |
| Neutron scattering length: | 0.721 b/10-12 cm |
| Thermal neutron capture cross-section: | 84 sa / barns |
| Density: | 9840 kg/m-3 [298 K] |
| Melting point: | 1662.85°C / 1936°K |
| Boiling point: | 3394.85°C / 3668°K |
| Molar volume: | 17.78 cm3 |
| Thermal conductivity: | 16.4 [300 K] W m-1K-1 |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: | 8.12 x 10-6 K-1 |
| Electrical resistivity: | 79.0 x 10-8 [298 K] Ωm |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility: | +1.3 x 10-9(s) kg-1m3 |
| Radi: | Lu3+ 85; atomic 173; covalent 156 |
| Electronegativity: | 1.27 (Pauling); 1.14 (Allred); ≤ 3.0 eV (absolute) |
| Effective nuclear charge: | 3.00 (Slater); 8.80 (Clementi); 12.68 (Froese-Fischer) |
| Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): | 41 |
| Isotope mass range: | 154-> 182 |
Biological data
| Biological role: | None, but acts to stimulate metabolism. |
|---|---|
| Toxicity | |
| Toxic intake: | n.a. |
| Lethal intake: | LD50 (chloride, oral, mouse) = 7100 mg Kg-1 |
| Hazards: | Lanthanum is mildly toxic by ingestion. |
| Level in humans | n.a. but very low |
| Daily dietary intake: | n.a. |
| Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person: |
n.a. but very low |
Geological data
| Minerals: | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mineral | Formula | Density | Hardness | Crystal apperance |
| Bastnäsite* | (La,Ce,etc.)CO3F | 4.9 | 4 - 5.5 | hex., vit./greasy yellow |
| Monazite* | (Ce, La, Nd, Th, etc.)PO4 | 5.20 | 5 - 5.5 | mon., waxy/vit. yellow-brown |
* Although not a major constituent, lutetium is present in extractable amounts.
| Chief ores: | monazite, bastnäsite |
|---|---|
| World production: | c. 10 tonnes/year |
| Producing areas: | USA, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka, Australia, China |
| Reserves: | c. 2 x 105 tonnes |
| Specimen: | available as ingots or powder. Safe! |
| Abundances | |
|---|---|
| Sun: | 5.8 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
| Earth's crust: | 0.51 ppm |
| Seawater | |
| Atlantic surface: | 1.4 x 10-7 ppm |
| Atlantic deep: | 2.0 x 10-7 ppm |
| Pacific surface: | 0.60 x 10-7 ppm |
| Pacific deep: | 4.1 x 10-7 ppm |
| Residence time: | 4000 years |
| Classification: | recycled |
| Oxidation state: | III |
Source: Emsley, J. (1998) The Elements (3rd Edition)
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