Lutetium (Lu)

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Lutetium 71Lu174.967


Lutetium was discovered in 1907 by G. Urbain at Paris, France, and independently by C. James at the Universität of New Hampshire, USA.

[Greek, Lutetia = Paris]

French: lutétium
German: Lutetium
Italian: lutezio
Spanish: lutecio


Description: Lutetium is the hardest, densest and one of the rarest so-called rare-earth metals. It is little used except in chemical research.

  


Further Materials properties

 

Crystal structure:

(cell dimensions/pm), space group, 
α-Lu h.c.p. (a=350.31, c=555.09), P63/mmc
β-La b.c.c. (a=390), Im3m

X-ray diffractions mass absorption coefficients: CuKa 153 (µ/r) / cm2g-1
MoKa 88.2 (µ/r) / cm2g-1
Neutron scattering length: 0.721 b/10-12 cm
Thermal neutron capture cross-section: 84 sa / barns
Density: 9840 kg/m-3 [298 K]
Melting point: 1662.85°C / 1936°K
Boiling point: 3394.85°C / 3668°K
Molar volume: 17.78 cm3
Thermal conductivity: 16.4 [300 K] W m-1K-1
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: 8.12 x 10-6 K-1
Electrical resistivity: 79.0 x 10-8 [298 K] Ωm
Mass magnetic susceptibility: +1.3 x 10-9(s) kg-1m3
Radi: Lu3+ 85; atomic 173; covalent 156
Electronegativity: 1.27 (Pauling); 1.14 (Allred); ≤ 3.0 eV (absolute)
Effective nuclear charge: 3.00 (Slater); 8.80 (Clementi); 12.68 (Froese-Fischer)
Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): 41
Isotope mass range: 154-> 182

 

 


Biological data

 

Biological role: None, but acts to stimulate metabolism.
Toxicity
Toxic intake: n.a.
Lethal intake: LD50 (chloride, oral, mouse) = 7100 mg Kg-1
Hazards: Lanthanum is mildly toxic by ingestion.
Level in humans n.a. but very low
Daily dietary intake: n.a. 
Total mass of element in average
[70 kg] person:
n.a. but very low

 

Geological data

 

Minerals:
MineralFormulaDensityHardnessCrystal apperance
Bastnäsite*  (La,Ce,etc.)CO3F 4.9  4 - 5.5  hex., vit./greasy yellow
Monazite*  (Ce, La, Nd, Th, etc.)PO4 5.20  5 - 5.5  mon., waxy/vit. yellow-brown

* Although not a major constituent, lutetium is present in extractable amounts.

Chief ores: monazite, bastnäsite
World production: c. 10 tonnes/year
Producing areas: USA, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka, Australia, China
Reserves: c. 2 x 105 tonnes
Specimen: available as ingots or powder. Safe!

 

Abundances  
Sun: 5.8 (relative to H = 1 x 1012)
Earth's crust: 0.51 ppm
Seawater
Atlantic surface: 1.4 x 10-7 ppm
Atlantic deep: 2.0 x 10-7  ppm
Pacific surface: 0.60 x 10-7  ppm
Pacific deep: 4.1 x 10-7  ppm
Residence time: 4000 years
Classification: recycled
Oxidation state: III

  Source: Emsley, J. (1998) The Elements (3rd Edition)

Other sizes and specifications on request


Overview of elements with access to our shop

1 18
H
2 13 14 15 16 17
He
Li Be B C
N
O
F
Ne
Na Mg 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Al Si P S
Cl
Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se
Br
Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo
Tc
Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I
Xe
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi
Po
At
Ra
Fr
Ra
Ac
Ce Pr Nd
Pm
Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu


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