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Beryllium (Be)
Wir sind führender Hersteller und Lieferant von Forschungsmaterialien
Beryllium 4Sb9.012
1797 von N.L. Vauquelin in Paris, FRankreich, entdeckt. 1828 unabhängig von F. Wöhler in Berlin, Deutschland. und von A.A.B. Bussy in Paris, Frankreich, dargestellt
[Greek: beryllos = beryl; Latin: beryllos]
French: béryllium
English: beryllium
Italian: berillio
Spanish: berilio
Beschreibung: Silberweißes, glänzendes, relativ weiches Metall. Man erhält es z. B. durch Elektrolyse von geschmolzenem BeCl2. Wird von Luft und Wasser auch bei Rotglut nicht angegriffen. Wird für Legierungen mit Kupfer und Nickel verwendet, die ausgezeichnete elektrische und thermische Leitfähigkeiten besitzen.
Further Materials properties
| Crystal structure: | (cell dimensions/pm), space group, a-Be h.c.p. (a=228.55, c=358.32), P63/mmc, β-Be b.c.c. (a=255.15), Im3m |
|---|---|
| X-ray diffractions mass absorption coefficients: | CuKa 1.50 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKa 0.298 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 |
| Neutron scattering length: | 0.779 b/10-12 cm |
| Thermal neutron capture cross-section: | 0.0092 sa / barns |
| Density: | 1847.7 kg/m-3 [293 K] |
| Melting point: | 1287 °C / 1551 +/-5 °K |
| Boiling point: | 2969 °C / 3243 °K (under pressure) |
| Molar volume: | 4.88 cm3 |
| Thermal conductivity: | 200 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: | 11.5 x 10-6 K-1 |
| Electrical resistivity: | 4.0 x 10-8 [293 K] Ωm |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility: | -1.3 x 10-8(s) kg-1m3 |
| Young's modulus: | 318 GPa |
| Rigidity modulus: | 156 GPa |
| Bulk modulus: | 110 GPa |
| Poisson's ratio: | 0.02 GPa |
| Radi: | Be2+ 34; atomic 113; covalent 89 |
| Electronegativity: | 1.95 (Pauling); 1.47 (Allred); 4.9 eV (absolute) |
| Effective nuclear charge: | 1.95 (Slater); 1.91 (Clementi); 2.27 (Froese-Fischer) |
| Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): | 6 |
| Isotope mass range: | 6 -> 11 |
Biological data
| Biological role: | None. |
|---|---|
| Toxicity | |
| Toxic intake: | 13 mg kg-1 (rat) |
| Lethal intake: | LD50 (acetate, intraperitoneal, rat) = 317 mg Kg-1 |
| Hazards: | Beryllium is a deadly poison. It is also carcinogenic for laboratory animals and maybe for humans. Inhalation of beryllium dust causes severe and irreparable lung damage. |
| Level in humans | |
| Blood: | <1x10-3 mg dm-3 |
| Bone: | 0.003 ppm |
| Liver: | 0.0016 ppm |
| Muscle: | 0.00075 ppm |
| Daily dietary intake: | 0.01 ppm |
| Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person: |
0.036 mg |
Geological data
| Minerals: | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mineral | Formula | Density | Hardness | Crystal apperance |
| Beryl* | Be3Al2Si6O18 | 2.8 | 7.5 -8 | hex., vit. green/blue |
| Bertrandite | Be2Si2O7(OH)2 | 2.60 | 6 - 7 | orth., vit./ pearly colourless |
| Chrysoberyl** | BeAl2O4 | 3.75 | 8.5 | orth. vit. green, yellow, brown |
| Gadolinite | Be2FeY2Si2O10 | 4.4 | 6.5 - 7 | mon., vit./ greasy greenish-black |
| Herderite | CaBe(PO4)(F,OH) | 3.01 | 5 - 5.5 | mon. vit. colourless/ pale yellow |
* gem quality = emerald, ** gem quality = Alexandrite, also known as "cat's eyes"
| Chief ores: | beryl, bertrandite |
|---|---|
| World production: | 364 tonnes/year |
| Main mining areas: | Brazil, USA, Madagascar, Germany, Czech Republic, Russia, India |
| Reserves: | 400 000 tonnes |
| Specimen: | available as lumps or powder. Danger! |
| Abundances | |
|---|---|
| Sun: | 14 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
| Earth's crust: | 2.6 ppm |
| Seawater | |
| Altantic surface: | 8.8 x 10-8 |
| Atlantic deep: | 17.5 x 10-8 |
| Pacific surface: | 3.5 x 10-8 |
| Pacific deep: | 22 x 10-8 |
| Residence time: | 4000 years |
| Classification: | recycled |
| Oxidation state: | II |
Source: Emsley, J. (1998) The Elements (3rd Edition)
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