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Titan (Ti)
Wir sind führender Hersteller und Lieferant von Forschungsmaterialien
Titan 22Ti47.90
Voneinander unabhängig wurde es 1791 von Rev. W. Gregor in Creed, Cornwall, UK, und 1795 von M.H. Klaproth in Berlin, Deutschland, entdeckt.
[Nach den Titanen, den Söhnen der Erdgöttin, benannt]
French: titane
English: titanium
Italian: titanio
Spanish: titanio
Beschreibung: Hartes, glänzendes, silberfarbiges Metall. Wegen einer passivierenden Oxidschicht gegen Korrosion widerstandsfähig. Pulverförmiges Metall jedoch verbrennt an Luft. Viele Säuren (außer HF, H3PO4 und konzentrierte H2SO4) und Alkalien greifen es nicht an. TiO2 ist ein bedeutendes Weißpigment. Verwendung als Metall im chemischen Apparatebau, für Leichtmetallegierungen, medizinische Prothesen usw.
Titan single crystal properties
| State: | single crystal grains with ~mm size |
|---|---|
| Crystal structure: | hexagonal |
| Production method: | Floating zone |
| Standard size: | diameter 8-10mm thickness 1-2mm |
| Orientation: | (10-10), (1-100) and (11-20) |
| Orientation accuracy: | <2°, <1°, <0.4° or <0.1° |
| Polishing: | as cut, one or two sides polished |
| Roughness of surface: | <0.03µm |
| Purity: | 99.97% |
| Typical analysis (ppm): | C 3 H < 1 O 9 N < 5 Cu 1.60 Fe 1.80 Ni < 1 Pb 0.30 Si 0.30 Ga, Hf and Ta are below the detection limit |
Materials properties
| Density: | 4.51 g/cm3 |
|---|---|
| Melting point: | 1659.85 °C / 1933 °K |
| Boiling point: | 3286.85 °C / 3560 °K |
| Molar volume: | 10.55 cm3 |
| Thermal conductivity: | 21.9 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: | 8.35 x 10-6 K-1 |
| Electrical resistivity: | 42.0x 10-8 [293 K] Wm |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility: | +4.01 x 10-8(s) kg-1m3 |
| Young's modulus: | 120.2 GPa |
| Rigidity modulus: | 45.6 GPa |
| Bulk modulus: | 108.4 GPa |
| Poisson's ratio: | 0.361 GPa |
| Radii: | Ti4+ 69; Ti2+ 80; atomic 145; covalent 132 |
| Electronegativity: | 1.54 (Pauling); 1.32 (Allred); 3.45 eV (absolute) |
| Effective nuclear charge: | 3.15 (Slater); 4.82 (Clementi); 6.37 (Froese-Fischer) |
| Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): | 13 |
| Issotope mass range: | 41 -> 53 |
| Crystal structure, (cell dimentions / pm), space group | hexagonal |
| X-ray diffraction: mass absorption coefficients: | CuKα 208 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKα 24.2 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 |
| Neutron scattering length: | -0.3438 b/10-12 cm |
| Thermal neutron capture cross-section: | 6.09 sa / barns |
Biological data
| Biological role: | none |
|---|---|
| Toxicity | |
| Toxic intake: | Low toxicity as metal, oxide (TiO2) and inorganic titanium (IV) salts. |
| Lethal intake: | non-lethal |
| Hazards: | Some titanium compunds are dangerous to handle, such as TiCl3, which is corrosive. Titanium has a stimulatory effect and is a suspected carcinogen. |
| Level in humans | |
| Blood: | 0.054 mg dm-3 |
| Bone: | n.a. |
| Liver: | 1.2 - 4.7 p.p.m. |
| Muscle: | 0.9 - 2.2 p.p.m. |
| Daily dietary intake: | 0.8 mg |
| Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person: | 20 mg |
Geological data
| Mineral | Formula | Density | Hardness | Crystal apperance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anatase | b-TiO2 | 3.90 | 5.5 - 6 | tet., adam./brown, green, etc. |
| Brookite | g-TiO2 | 4.14 | 5.5 - 6 | orth., met. adam./brown, black |
| Ilmenite | FeTiO3 | 4.72 | 5 - 6 | rhom., met. black |
| Perovskite | CaTiO2 | 4.01 | 5.5 | orth., adam./met. black |
| Rutile | a-TiO2 | 4.23 | 6 - 6.5 | tet., met. lustre brown/yellowish |
| Titanite | CaTiSiO5 | 3.50 | 5 - 5.5 | mon., adam./res. yellow/brown |
| Chief ore: | ilemnite; sometimes anatase is mined |
|---|---|
| World production: | 99 000 (titanium metal); 3 x 106 tonnes/year |
| Main mining areas: | Norway, India, Brazil, Canada, USA, Russia |
| Reserves: | 440 x 106 tonnes |
| Specimen: | available as crystals, foil, granules, powder, rod or wire. Safe. |
| Abundances | |
|---|---|
| Sun: | 1.12 x 105 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
| Earth's crust: | 5600 p.p.m. |
| Seawater: | |
| Residence time: | |
| Classification: | n.a. |
| Oxidation state: | IV |
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