Eisen (Fe)

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Eisen 26Fe55.847

Schon in alten Kulturen bekannt

[Angelsächsisch, iron; Lateinisch, ferrum)

French: fer
English: iron
Italian: ferro
Spanish: hierro


Beschreibung: In reiner Form ist Eisen glänzend, silberfarbig und weich (bearbeitbar). Es ist das wichtigste Metall und wir hauptsächlich zur Stahlherstellung verwendet. Es rostet in feuchter Luft, löst sich in verdünnten Säuren.

 

 

Eisen single crystal properties

State: single crystal
Crystal structure: bcc
Production method: Strain annealing
Standard size: diameter 6-10mm
thickness 1-2mm
Orientation: (100), (110) and (111)
Orientation accuracy: <2°, <1°, <0.4° or <0.1°
Polishing: as cut, one or two sides polished
Roughness of surface: <0.03µm
Purity: 99.98%
Typical analysis (ppm): C 3
H < 1
O 9
N < 5
Cu 1.60
Fe 1.80
Ni < 1
Pb 0.30
Si 0.30

 
Ga, Hf and Ta are below the detection limit
 

Materials properties

Density: 7.86 g/cm3
Melting point: 1534.85 °C / 1808 °K
Boiling point: 2749.85 °C / 3023 °K
Molar volume: 7.09 cm3
Thermal conductivity: 80.2 [300 K] Wm-1K-1
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: 12.3 x 10-6 K-1
Electrical resistivity: 9.71x 10-8 [293 K] Wm
Mass magnetic susceptibility: ferromagnetic
Young's modulus: 152.3 GPa (cast); 208 GPa (steel)
Rigidity modulus: 60.0 GPa (cast); 81 GPa (steel)
Bulk modulus: 109.5 GPa (cast); 160 GPa (steel)
Poisson's ratio: 0.27 GPa (cast); 0.27 GPa (steel)
Radii: Fe3+ 67; Fe2+ 82; atomic 124; covalent 116; van de
Electronegativity: 1.83 (Pauling); 1.64 (Allred); 4.06 eV (absolute)
Effective nuclear charge: 3.75 (Slater); 5.43 (Clementi); 7.40 (Froese-Fischer)
Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): 16
Issotope mass range: 49 -> 63
Crystal structure, (cell dimentions / pm), space group bcc
X-ray diffraction: mass absorption coefficients: CuKα 308 (µ/r) / cm2g-1
MoKα 38.5 (µ/r) / cm2g-1
Neutron scattering length: 0.954 b/10-12 cm
Thermal neutron capture cross-section: 2.56 sa / barns

 

Biological data

Biological role: Essential to all species
Toxicity  
Toxic intake: 200 mg, Iron (II) compounds are more toxic than iron (III)
Lethal intake: 7 - 35 g
Hazards: Iron dust poses a moderate fir or explosion hazad: chronic exposure causes iron pneumoconiosis (welder lung). Iron deficiency leads to anaemia, but excess iron in the body causes liver and kidney dama
Level in humans  
Blood: 447 mg dm-3
Bone: 3 - 380 p.p.m.
Liver: 250 - 1400 p.p.m.
Muscle: 180 p.p.m.
Daily dietary intake: 6 - 40 mg
Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person: 4.2 mg

 

Geological data

MineralFormulaDensityHardnessCrystal apperance
Goethite a-FeO(OH) 4.28 5 - 5.5 orth., met. earthy brown
Hematite Fe2O3 5.26 5 - 6 rhom., met. earth grey
Lepidocrocite g-FeO(OH) 4.09 5 orth., met. reddish-brown
Magnetite Fe3O4 5.175 5.5 - 6.5 cub., met. black
Siderite FeCO3 3.96 4 rhom., vit. yellow-brown

 

Chief ore: hematite, magnetite, goethite, lepididocrocite, siderite
World production: 7.16 x 108 tonnes/year
Main mining areas: USA, Canada, Sweden, South Africa, Russia, India, Japan
Reserves: 1.1 x 1011 tonnes
Specimen: available as chips, filings, foil, granules, and wire. Safe.

 

Abundances  
Sun: 3.16 x 107 (relative to H = 1 x 1012)
Earth's crust: 41000 p.p.m.
Seawater:  
Residence time:  
Classification: recycled
Oxidation state: III



Measured mosaicity of Iron Single Crystal with Gamma diffractometry


Übersicht der Elemente mit Zugang zu unserem Shop

1 18
H
 2 13 14 15 16 17
He
Li Be B C
N
O
F
Ne
Na Mg 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Al Si P S
Cl
Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se
Br
Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo
Tc
 Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I
Xe
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi
Po
At
Ra
Fr
Ra
Ac
Ce Pr Nd
Pm
 Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu


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