Cobalt (Co)

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Cobalt 27Co58.933

1735 von G. Brandt in Stockholm, Schweden, entdeckt.

[Deutsch: Kobold = Berggeist]
  French: cobalt
   English: cobalt
  Italian: cobalto
  Spanish: cobalto

Beschreibung: Glänzendes, silberblaues, hartes Metall; ferromagnetisch. In Luft beständig, wird langsam von verdünten Säuren angegriffen. 60Co wird als radioaktives Isotop gebraucht. Verwendet für magnetische Legierungen, Keramiken, Katalysatoren und Farben.

Cobalt single crystal properties

 

State: Single crystal
Crystal structure: hexagonal
Production method: Czochralski
Standard size: diameter 8-10mm
thickness 1-2mm
Orientation: (0001), (1-100) and (11-20)
Orientation accuracy: <2°, <1°, <0.4° or <0.1°
Polishing: as cut, one or two sides polished
Roughness of surface: <0.03 µm
Purity: 99.99%

 

Typical analysis (ppm): Ag 0.3
Al 0.42
As 2.2
C 5.5
Ca 0.08
Cl 0.27
Cu 0.46
Cr 5.9
Fe 17
Mg 0.76
Mn 0.07
Mo < 0.1
N 0.24
Na 0.44
Ni 22
O 11.0
S 1.3
Si 2.9
Ti 1.1
Zn 0.2
Co balance

 

 

Further Materials properties

 

Crystal structure: (cell dimensions/pm), space group, a-Co f.c.c. (a=354.41), Fm3m e-Co h.c.p. (a=250.7, c=406.9), P63/mmc (a -> e)=690 K
X-ray diffractions mass absorption coefficients: CuKa 313 (µ/r) / cm2g-1
MoKa 42.5 (µ/r) / cm2g-1
Neutron scattering length: 0.278 b/10-12 cm
Thermal neutron capture cross-section: 37.2 sa / barns
Density: 8.9 kg/m-3 [293 K]; 2390 [liquid at m.p.]
Melting point: 1494.85 °C / 1768 °K
Boiling point: 2869.85 °C / 3143 °K
Molar volume: 6.62 cm3
Thermal conductivity: 100 [300 K] Wm-1K-1
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: 13.36 x 10-6 K-1
Electrical resistivity: 6.24x10-8 [293 K] Wm
Mass magnetic susceptibility: ferromagnetic
Young's modulus: 211 GPa
Rigidity modulus: 82 GPa
Bulk modulus: 181.5 GPa
Poisson's ratio: 0.32 GPa
Radi: Co3+ 57; Co2+ 82; atomic 125; covalent 116
Electronegativity: 1.88 (Pauling); 1.70 (Allred); 4.3 eV (absolute)
Effective nuclear charge: 3.90 (Slater); 5.58 (Clementi); 7.63 (Froese-Fischer)
Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): 17
Isotope mass range: 35 -> 64

 

 

Biological data

 

Biological role: Essential to most species, including humans.
Toxicity  
Toxic intake: 500 g
Lethal intake: LD50 (chloride, oral, rat) = 80 mg kg-1
Hazards: For humans, cobalt compunds generally have low toxicity by ingestion, but produce vomiting. Cobalt is a suspected carcinogen.
Level in humans  
Blood: 0.0002 - 0.04 mg dm-3
Bone: 0.01 - 0.04 ppm
Liver: 0.06 - 1.1 ppm
Muscle: 0.028 - 0.65 ppm
Daily dietary intake: 0.005 - 1.8 mg
Total mass of element in average
[70 kg] person:		 3 mg

 

Geological data

 

Minerals:Many minerals are known, and aluminium is present in many other minerals
MineralFormulaDensityHardnessCrystal apperance
Cobaltite  CoAsS  6.33  5.5  orth., met. steel grey
Erythrite  CO3(AsO4)2.8H2O  3.09  1.5 - 2.5  mon., adam./pearly crimson red
Glaucodot  (Co, Fe) AsS  6.04  5  orth., met. white
Linnaeite  Co3S4  4.6  4.5 - 5.5  cub., met. grey/white in reflected light
Skutterudite  CoAs3  6.5  5.5 - 6  cub., met. white/grey

 

Chief ore: cobaltite, skutterudite
World production: 17000 tonnes/year
Main mining areas: Zaire, Morocco, Sweden, Canada
Reserves: n.a.
Specimen: available as foil, pieces, powder, rod and wire. CARE !

 

Abundances  
Sun: 7.94 x 104 (relative to H = 1 x 1012)
Earth's crust: 20 ppm
Seawater:  
Atlantic surface: n.a.
Atlantic deep: n.a.
Pacific surface: 6.9 x 10-6 ppm
Pacific deep: 1.1 x 10-6 ppm
Residence time: 40 years
Classification: scavenged
Oxidation state: II

 

Other sizes and specifications on request


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