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Antimon (Sb)
Wir sind führender Hersteller und Lieferant von Forschungsmaterialien
Antimon 51Sb121.75
Wahrscheinlich schon im Altertum bekannt, sicher den Alchemisten.
[Greek: anti + monos = not alone; Latin: stibium]
French: antimoine
English: Antimony
Italian: antimonio
Spanish: antimonio
Beschreibung: Halbmetall, existiert in mehreren Modifikationen, die metallische ist glänzend, silberfarbend, hart und spröde. Beständig in trockener Luft und wird nich von verdünnten Säuren oder Basen angegriffen. Verwendung zur Metallhärtung, in Akkumulatoren und Halbleiterns u.s.w.
Antimon single crystal properties
| State: | Single crystal |
|---|---|
| Crystal structure: | rhombohedral |
| Production method: | Bridgman |
| Standard size: | diameter 12 thickness 1 |
| Orientation: | (100), (110) and (111) |
| Orientation accuracy: | <2°, <1°, <0.4° or <0.1° |
| Polishing: | as cut, one or two sides polished |
| Roughness of surface: | <0.03 µm |
| Purity: | 99.999% |
Further Materials properties
| Crystal structure: | (cell dimensions/pm), space group, grey rhombohedral (a=430.84, c=1124.79), R3m (grey) cubic (a=298.6), Pm3m metal h.c.p. (a=336.9, c=533), P63/mmc |
|---|---|
| X-ray diffractions mass absorption coefficients: | CuKa 270 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKa 33.1 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 |
| Neutron scattering length: | 0.557 b/10-12 cm |
| Thermal neutron capture cross-section: | 4.91 sa / barns |
| Density: | 6.62 kg/m-3 [293 K]; 2390 [liquid at m.p.] |
| Melting point: | 630.74 °C / 903.89 °K |
| Boiling point: | 1634.85 °C / 1908 °K |
| Molar volume: | 18.20 cm3 |
| Thermal conductivity: | 24.3 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: | 8.5 x 10-6 K-1 |
| Electrical resistivity: | 39.0 x 10-8 [293 K] Wm |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility: | -1.0 x 10-9(s) kg-1m3 |
| Young's modulus: | 54.7 GPa |
| Rigidity modulus: | 20.7 GPa |
| Bulk modulus: | n.a. |
| Poisson's ratio: | 0.25 - 0.33 GPa |
| Radi: | Sb5+ 62; Sb3+ 89; Sb2- 245; atomic 182; covalent 141; van der Waals 220 |
| Electronegativity: | 2.05 (Pauling); 1.82 (Allred); 4.85 eV (absolute) |
| Effective nuclear charge: | 6.30 (Slater); 9.99 (Clementi); 12.37(Froese-Fischer) |
| Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): | 40 |
| Isotope mass range: | 108 -> 136 |
Biological data
| Biological role: | Anthimony has no known biological role |
|---|---|
| Toxicity | |
| Toxic intake: | 100 g |
| Lethal intake: | Antimony provokes vomiting, and was once prescribed for this purpose, but medical does is near to toxic dose and antimony can kill. LD50 (oral) for antimony potassium tartrate is c. 140 mg. |
| Hazards: | Small does of antimony stimulate metabolism, large does cause liver damage. |
| Level in humans | |
| Blood: | 0.0033 mg dm-3 |
| Bone: | 0.01 - 0.6 ppm |
| Liver: | 0.011 - 0.42 ppm |
| Muscle: | 0.042 - 0.191 ppm |
| Daily dietary intake: | 0.002 - 1.3 mg |
| Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person: |
2 mg |
Geological data
| Minerals: | A little native antimony occurs naturally as granular masses or nodules, Generally in silver-bearing lodes and has been found in Sweden, Germany, Italy and the USA | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mineral | Formula | Density | Hardness | Crystal apperance |
| Sibiconite | Sb3O6(OH) | 5.58 | 4 - 5.5 | hex., res./adam. black |
| Stibnite | Sb2S3 | 4.63 | 2 | hex., yellow, tiny prisms |
| Tetrahedrite | (Cu,Fe)12Sb4S13 | 4.97 | 3 - 4.5 | rhom., adam. white/brown |
| Ullmannite | NiSbS | 6.65 | 5 - 5.5 | cub., metallic grey |
| Chief ore: | Stibnite. Tetrahedrite, although mainly a copper ore, yields antimony as a by-product. |
|---|---|
| World production: | 53000 tonnes/year |
| Main mining areas: | China, Italy, Peru, Mexico, Bolivias, France |
| Reserves: | 2.5 x 106 tonnes |
| Specimen: | available as pieces, powder or shot. CARE ! |
| Abundances | |
|---|---|
| Sun: | 10 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
| Earth's crust: | 0.2 ppm |
| Seawater: | c. 3 x 10-4 ppm |
| Residence time: | 3.5 x 105 years |
| Classification: | accumulating |
| Oxidation state: | III |
Other sizes and specifications on request
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