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Samarium (Sm)
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Samarium 62Sm150.36
1879 von P.-E. Lecoq de Boisbaudran in Paris, Frankreich, entdeckt.
[Nach dem Mineral Samarskit benannt]
French: samarium
English: samarium
Italian: samario
Spanish: samario
Beschreibung: Silberweißes Metall der Lanthanoid-Gruppe. In trockener Luft relativ beständig, in feuchter Luft bildet sich eine Oxidhaut. Verwendung: Permanentmagnete, organische Reagentien, Specialgläser, Katalysatoren, Keramiken, Elektronik.
Further Materials properties
| Crystal structure: |
(cell dimensions/pm), space group, |
|---|---|
| X-ray diffractions mass absorption coefficients: | CuKa 397 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKa 58.6 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 |
| Neutron scattering length: | 0.080 b/10-12 cm |
| Thermal neutron capture cross-section: | 5922 sa / barns |
| Density: | 7520 kg/m-3 [293 K] |
| Melting point: | 1076.85°C / 1350°K |
| Boiling point: | 1790.85°C / 2064°K |
| Molar volume: | 20.00 cm3 |
| Thermal conductivity: | 13.3 [300 K] W m-1K-1 |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: | 10.4 x 10-6 K-1 |
| Electrical resistivity: | 94.0 x 10-8 [298 K] Ωm |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility: | +1.52 x 10-7(s) kg-1m3 |
| Radi: | Sm3+ 100; Sm2+ 111; atomic 180; covalent 166 |
| Electronegativity: | 1.17 (Pauling); 1.07 (Allred); ≤ 3.1 eV (absolute) |
| Effective nuclear charge: | 2.85 (Slater); 8.01 (Clementi); 11.06 (Froese-Fischer) |
| Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): | 24 |
| Isotope mass range: | 138-> 158 |
Biological data
| Biological role: | None, but acts to stimulate metabolism. |
|---|---|
| Toxicity | |
| Toxic intake: | n.a. |
| Lethal intake: | LD50 (nitrate, oral, rat) = 2900 mg Kg-1 |
| Hazards: | Samarium is mildly toxic by ingestion, and is a skin and eye iritant. |
| Level in humans | |
| Blood: | 0.008 mg dm-3 |
| Organs: | n.a., but very low |
| Daily dietary intake: | n.a. |
| Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person: |
c. 0.05 mg |
Geological data
| Minerals: | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mineral | Formula | Density | Hardness | Crystal apperance |
| Monazite-La | (La, Ce, Nd, Th, etc.)PO4 | 5.20 | 5 - 5.5 | mon., waxy/vit. yellow-brown |
* Although not a major constituent, samarium is present in extractable amounts.
| Chief ores: | monazite |
|---|---|
| World production: | c. 700 tonnes/year |
| Producing areas: | USA, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka, Australia |
| Reserves: | c. 2 x 106 tonnes |
| Specimen: | available as chips or ingots. Safe. |
| Abundances | |
|---|---|
| Sun: | 5.2 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
| Earth's crust: | 7.9 ppm |
| Seawater | |
| Atlantic surface: | 4.0 x 10-7 ppm |
| Atlantic deep: | 6.4 x 10-7 ppm |
| Pacific surface: | 4.0 x 10-7 ppm |
| Pacific deep: | 10 x 10-7 ppm |
| Residence time: | 200 years |
| Classification: | recycled |
| Oxidation state: | III |
Source: Emsley, J. (1998) The Elements (3rd Edition)
Other sizes and specifications on request
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