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Mangan (Mn)
Wir sind führender Hersteller und Lieferant von Forschungsmaterialien
Mangan 25Mn54.938
1774 von J.G. Grahn in Stockholm, Schweden, dargestellt.
[Lateinisch, magnes = Magnet]
French: manganése
English: manganese
Italian: manganese
Spanish: manganeso
Beschreibung: Hartes, sprödes, silberfarbenes Metall. In unreinem Zustand reaktionsfähig, verbrennt in Sauerstoff. In Luft erfolgt Oxidation der Oberfläche; reagiert mit Wasser, löst sich in verdünnten Säuren. Verwendung: bei der Stahlherstellung; als Zusatz im Tierfutter und in Düngemitteln; für Keramiken.
Further Materials properties
| Crystal structure: |
(cell dimensions/pm), space group, |
|---|---|
| X-ray diffractions mass absorption coefficients: | CuKa 285 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKa 34.7 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 |
| Neutron scattering length: | -0.373 b/10-12 cm |
| Thermal neutron capture cross-section: | 13.3 sa / barns |
| Density: | 7440 (α) kg/m-3 [293 K]; 6430 [liquid at m.p.] |
| Melting point: | 1243.85°C / 1517°K |
| Boiling point: | 1961.85°C / 2235°K |
| Molar volume: | 7.38 cm3 |
| Thermal conductivity: | 7.82 [300 K] W m-1K-1 |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: | 22 x 10-6 K-1 |
| Electrical resistivity: | 185.0 x 10-8 [298 K] Ωm |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility: | +1.21 x 10-7(s) kg-1m3 |
| Radi: | Mn4+ 52; Mn3+ 70; Mn2+ 91; atomic 124; covalent 117 |
| Electronegativity: | 1.55 (Pauling); 1.60 (Allred); 3.72 eV (absolute) |
| Effective nuclear charge: | 3.60 (Slater); 5.23 (Clementi); 7.17 (Froese-Fischer) |
| Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): | 15 |
| Isotope mass range: | 49-> 62 |
Biological data
| Biological role: | Essential to all species. |
|---|---|
| Toxicity | |
| Toxic intake: | slightly toxic by ingestion |
| Lethal intake: | LD50 (chloride, oral, mouse) = 1715 mg Kg-1 |
| Hazards: | Few poisonings have been caused by ingesting manganese compounds, but exposure to dust or fumes is a health hazard and working conditions should not exceed 5mg m-3 even for short periods. Its compounds are experimentalcarcinogens and teratogens. |
| Level in humans | n.a. but very low |
| Blood: | 0.0016 - 0.075 mg dm-3 |
| Bone: | 0.2 - 100 ppm |
| Liver: | 3.6 - 9.6 ppm |
| Muscle: | 0.2 - 2.3 ppm |
| Daily dietary intake: | 0.4 - 10 mg |
| Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person: |
12 mg |
Geological data
| Minerals: | Many manganese minerals are known. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mineral | Formula | Density | Hardness | Crystal apperance |
| Bixbyite | (Mn,Fe)2O3 | 4.975 | 6 - 6.5 | cub. met. black |
| Manganite | γ-MnO(OH) | 4.33 | 4 | mon., met. greay-black |
| Pyrolusite | β-MnO2 | 5.06 | 2 - 6 | tet., met. grey-black |
| Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 | 3.4 - 3.6 | 3.5 - 4 | rhom., vit. pink |
| Rhodonite* | (Mn,Fe,Mg)SiO3 | 3.6 | 5.5 - 6.5 | tric., vit. rose-pink |
| Romanechite | BaMn9O16(OH)4 | 3.7 - 4.7 | 5 - 6 | mon., met. black, fern-like |
* used in jewelry
| Chief ores: | pyrolusite, romanechite (also known as psilomelane), manganite (useful but rare) |
|---|---|
| World production: | 6.22 x 106 tonnes/year |
| Main mining areas: | South Africa, Russia, Gabon, Australia, Brazil |
| Reserves: | 3.6 x 109 tonnes (plus ocean floor nodules which are 24% Mn) |
| Specimen: | available as chips, flake or powder. Safe. |
| Abundances | |
|---|---|
| Sun: | 2.63 x 105 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
| Earth's crust: | 950 ppm |
| Seawater | |
| Atlantic surface: | 1.0 x 10-4 ppm |
| Atlantic deep: | 0.96 x 10-4 ppm |
| Pacific surface: | 1.0 x 10-4 ppm |
| Pacific deep: | 0.4 x 10-4 ppm |
| Residence time: | 50 years |
| Classification: | scavenged |
| Oxidation state: | II |
Source: Emsley, J. (1998) The Elements (3rd Edition)
Other sizes and specifications on request
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