Zirconium (Zr)

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Zirconium 40Zr91.22


1789 von M.H. Klaproth an der Universität von Berlin, Deutschland, entdeckt. 1824 von J.J. Berzelius in Stockholm, Schweden, dargestellt.

[Arabisch, zargun = goldfarben]

French: zirconium
English: zirconium
Italian: zirconio
Spanish: circonio


Beschreibung: Hartes, glänzendes, silerfarbiges Metall.  Da es durch eine Oxidhaut passiviert wird, ist  es sehr korrosionsbestädnig, aber verbrennt in Luft. Es wird durch Säuren (außer HF) und Alkalien angegriffen. Das Metall wird in Legierungen, für farbige Glasuren und in der Kerntechnik verwendet. Das Oxid dindet als feuerfestes Material für Schmelztiegel, Brennraumauskleidungen, für Keramike und als Schleifmittel Verwendung. 

Zirconium single crystal properties

State: single crystal (max. gain size ~3-4mm)
Crystal structure: hexagonal
Production method: Floating zone
Standard size: diameter 3-4mm
thickness 1mm
Orientation: (0001)
Orientation accuracy: <2°, <1°, <0.4° or <0.1°
Polishing: as cut, one or two sides polished
Roughness of surface: <0.03µm
Purity: 99.99% ex Hf
Typical analysis (ppm): C 3
H < 1
O 9
N < 5
Cu 1.60
Fe 1.80
Ni < 1
Pb 0.30
Si 0.30

 
Ga, Hf and Ta are below the detection limit
 

Materials properties

Density: 6.49 g/cm3
Melting point: 1851.85 °C / 2125 °K
Boiling point: 4376.85 °C / 4650 °K
Molar volume: 14.02 cm3
Thermal conductivity: 22.7 [300 K] Wm-1K-1
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: 5.78 x 10-6 K-1
Electrical resistivity: 42.1x 10-8 [293 K] Wm
Mass magnetic susceptibility: +1.68 x 10-8(s) kg-1m3
Young's modulus: 98 GPa
Rigidity modulus: 35 GPa
Bulk modulus: 89.8 GPa
Poisson's ratio: 0.38 GPa
Radii: Zr4+ 87; Zr2+ 109; atomic 160; covalent 145
Electronegativity: 1.33 (Pauling); 1.22 (Allred); 3.64 eV (absolute)
Effective nuclear charge: 3.15 (Slater); 6.45 (Clementi); 9.20 (Froese-Fischer)
Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): 25
Issotope mass range: 82 -> 101
Crystal structure, (cell dimentions / pm), space group hexagonal
X-ray diffraction: mass absorption coefficients: CuKα 143 (µ/r) / cm2g-1
MoKα 15.9 (µ/r) / cm2g-1
Neutron scattering length: 0.716 b/10-12 cm
Thermal neutron capture cross-section: 0.184 sa / barns

 


Biological data

Biological role: none
Toxicity  
Toxic intake: Generally regarded as of low toxicity.
Lethal intake: LD50 (chloride, oral, rat) = 1688 mg kg-1
Hazards: Zirconium and its compounds are not regarded as particularly poisonous except by excessive ingestion of zirconium salts. Zirconium dust is a very dangerous fire hazard.
Level in humans  
Blood: 0.011 mg dm-3
Bone: <0.1 p.p.m.
Liver: 0.11 p.p.m.
Muscle: 0.08 p.p.m.
Daily dietary intake: c. 0.05 mg
Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person: 1 mg

 


Geological data

MineralFormulaDensityHardnessCrystal apperance
Baddeleyite ZrO2 5.82 6.5 mon., greasy/vit. col./yellow/green
Zircon ZrSiO4 4.7 7.5 tet., stubby crystals, colourless/yellow/grey

 

Chief ore: zircon, baddeleyite
World production:  
Main mining areas: Australia, Brazil, USA, Sri Lanka
Reserves: >1 x 109 tonnes
Specimen: available as foil, powder rod or wire. Safe.

 

Abundances  
Sun: 560 (relative to H = 1 x 1012)
Earth's crust: 190 p.p.m.
Seawater:  
Residence time:  
Classification:  
Oxidation state: IV

Übersicht der Elemente mit Zugang zu unserem Shop

1 18
H
2 13 14 15 16 17
He
Li Be B C
N
O
F
Ne
Na Mg 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Al Si P S
Cl
Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se
Br
Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo
Tc
Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I
Xe
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi
Po
At
Ra
Fr
Ra
Ac
Ce Pr Nd
Pm
Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu


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