Wir sind führender Hersteller und Lieferant von Forschungsmaterialien
1789 von M.H. Klaproth an der Universität von Berlin, Deutschland, entdeckt. 1824 von J.J. Berzelius in Stockholm, Schweden, dargestellt.
[Arabisch, zargun = goldfarben]
French: zirconium
English: zirconium
Italian: zirconio
Spanish: circonio
Beschreibung: Hartes, glänzendes, silerfarbiges Metall. Da es durch eine Oxidhaut passiviert wird, ist es sehr korrosionsbestädnig, aber verbrennt in Luft. Es wird durch Säuren (außer HF) und Alkalien angegriffen. Das Metall wird in Legierungen, für farbige Glasuren und in der Kerntechnik verwendet. Das Oxid dindet als feuerfestes Material für Schmelztiegel, Brennraumauskleidungen, für Keramike und als Schleifmittel Verwendung.
Zirconium single crystal properties
State: | single crystal (max. gain size ~3-4mm) |
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Crystal structure: | hexagonal |
Production method: | Floating zone |
Standard size: | diameter 3-4mm thickness 1mm |
Orientation: | (0001) |
Orientation accuracy: | <2°, <1°, <0.4° or <0.1° |
Polishing: | as cut, one or two sides polished |
Roughness of surface: | <0.03µm |
Purity: | 99.99% ex Hf |
Typical analysis (ppm): | C 3 H < 1 O 9 N < 5 Cu 1.60 Fe 1.80 Ni < 1 Pb 0.30 Si 0.30 Ga, Hf and Ta are below the detection limit |
Density: | 6.49 g/cm3 |
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Melting point: | 1851.85 °C / 2125 °K |
Boiling point: | 4376.85 °C / 4650 °K |
Molar volume: | 14.02 cm3 |
Thermal conductivity: | 22.7 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: | 5.78 x 10-6 K-1 |
Electrical resistivity: | 42.1x 10-8 [293 K] Wm |
Mass magnetic susceptibility: | +1.68 x 10-8(s) kg-1m3 |
Young's modulus: | 98 GPa |
Rigidity modulus: | 35 GPa |
Bulk modulus: | 89.8 GPa |
Poisson's ratio: | 0.38 GPa |
Radii: | Zr4+ 87; Zr2+ 109; atomic 160; covalent 145 |
Electronegativity: | 1.33 (Pauling); 1.22 (Allred); 3.64 eV (absolute) |
Effective nuclear charge: | 3.15 (Slater); 6.45 (Clementi); 9.20 (Froese-Fischer) |
Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): | 25 |
Issotope mass range: | 82 -> 101 |
Crystal structure, (cell dimentions / pm), space group | hexagonal |
X-ray diffraction: mass absorption coefficients: | CuKα 143 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKα 15.9 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 |
Neutron scattering length: | 0.716 b/10-12 cm |
Thermal neutron capture cross-section: | 0.184 sa / barns |
Biological role: | none |
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Toxicity | |
Toxic intake: | Generally regarded as of low toxicity. |
Lethal intake: | LD50 (chloride, oral, rat) = 1688 mg kg-1 |
Hazards: | Zirconium and its compounds are not regarded as particularly poisonous except by excessive ingestion of zirconium salts. Zirconium dust is a very dangerous fire hazard. |
Level in humans | |
Blood: | 0.011 mg dm-3 |
Bone: | <0.1 p.p.m. |
Liver: | 0.11 p.p.m. |
Muscle: | 0.08 p.p.m. |
Daily dietary intake: | c. 0.05 mg |
Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person: | 1 mg |
Mineral | Formula | Density | Hardness | Crystal apperance |
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Baddeleyite | ZrO2 | 5.82 | 6.5 | mon., greasy/vit. col./yellow/green |
Zircon | ZrSiO4 | 4.7 | 7.5 | tet., stubby crystals, colourless/yellow/grey |
Chief ore: | zircon, baddeleyite |
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World production: | |
Main mining areas: | Australia, Brazil, USA, Sri Lanka |
Reserves: | >1 x 109 tonnes |
Specimen: | available as foil, powder rod or wire. Safe. |
Abundances | |
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Sun: | 560 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
Earth's crust: | 190 p.p.m. |
Seawater: | |
Residence time: | |
Classification: | |
Oxidation state: | IV |