Tantal (Ta)

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Tantal 73Ta180.948

1802 von A.G. Ekeberg in Uppsala, Schweden, entdeckt.

[Griechisch, Tantalos = Vater von Niobe]

French: tantale
English: tantalum
Italian: tantalio
Spanish: tántalo

Beschreibung: Glänzendes, silberfarbiges Metall, in reinem Zustand weich. Durch Passivierung mit einer Oxidhaut sehr widerstandsfähig gegen Korrosion; wird von HF und geschmolzenen Alkalien angegriffen. Verwendung: Elektronik, Schneidwerkzeuge, chemischer Apparatebau, Chirurgie.

 

 

Tantal single crystal properties

State: Single crystal
Crystal structure: bcc
Production method: Floating zone
Standard size: diameter 6-12mm
thickness 1-2mm
Orientation: (100), (110) and (111)
Orientation accuracy: <2°, <1°, <0.4° or <0.1°
Polishing: as cut, one or two sides polished
Roughness of surface: <0.03µm
Purity: 99.99%
Typical analysis (ppm): C 3
H < 1
O 9
N < 5
Cu 1.60
Fe 1.80
Ni < 1
Pb 0.30
Si 0.30

 
Ga, Hf and Ta are below the detection limit
 

Materials properties

Density: 16.6 g/cm3
Melting point: 2995.85 °C / 3269 °K
Boiling point: 5424.85±100 °C / 5698±100 °K
Molar volume: 10.87 cm3
Thermal conductivity: 57.5 [300 K] Wm-1K-1
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: 6.6 x 10-6 K-1
Electrical resistivity: 12.45x 10-8 [298 K] Wm
Mass magnetic susceptibility: +1.07 x 10-8(s) kg-1m3
Young's modulus: 185.7 GPa
Rigidity modulus: 69.2 GPa
Bulk modulus: 196.3 GPa
Poisson's ratio: 0.342 GPa
Radii: Ta5+ 64; Ta4+ 68; Ta3+ 72; atomic 143; covalent 13
Electronegativity: 1.5 (Pauling); 1.33 (Allred); 4.11 eV (absolute)
Effective nuclear charge: 3.30 (Slater); 9.53 (Clementi); 13.78 (Froese-Fischer)
Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): 28
Issotope mass range: 159 -> 186
Crystal structure, (cell dimentions / pm), space group bcc
X-ray diffraction: mass absorption coefficients: CuKα 166 (µ/r) / cm2g-1
MoKα 95.4 (µ/r) / cm2g-1
Neutron scattering length: 0.691 b/10-12 cm
Thermal neutron capture cross-section: 20.6 sa / barns

 

Biological data

Biological role: none
Toxicity  
Toxic intake: moderately poisonous by ingestion
Lethal intake: LD50 (chloride, oral, rat)= 1900 mg kg-1
Hazards: There are no cases of industrial poisoning caused by tantalum or its compounds. However, it is an experimental tumorigen.
Level in humans  
Blood: n.a., but low
Bone: c. 0.03 p.p.m.
Liver: n.a.
Muscle: n.a., but low
Daily dietary intake: 0.001 mg
Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person: c. 0.2 mg

 

Geological data

MineralFormulaDensityHardnessCrystal apperance
Columbite (Fe, Mn)(Ta, Nb)2O6 a group of Ferrotanta FeTa2O6
7.95 6 - 6.5 orth., bla Manganotan (Fe, Mn)(Ta, Nb)2O6
6.76 6 - 6.5 orth., bla Microlite (Na, Ca)2Ta2O6(O, OH, F)
6.42 5 - 5.5 cub., vitr Samarskite (Y, Ce, U, Fe)3(Nb, Ta, Ti)5O16
5.69 5 - 6 orth., vit Chief ore: columbite, samarskite

 

Chief ore: columbite, samarskite
World production: 840 tonnes/year
Main mining areas: Australia, Zaire, Brazil, Russia, Norway, Canada, Madagascar; mostly obtained as a by-product of tin extraction.
Reserves: n.a.
Specimen: available as foil, powder, rod or wire. Safe.

 

Abundances  
Sun: n.a. (relative to H = 1 x 1012)
Earth's crust: 2 p.p.m.
Seawater:  
Residence time:  
Classification:  
Oxidation state: V

Übersicht der Elemente mit Zugang zu unserem Shop

1 18
H
 2 13 14 15 16 17
He
Li Be B C
N
O
F
Ne
Na Mg 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Al Si P S
Cl
Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se
Br
Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo
Tc
 Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I
Xe
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi
Po
At
Ra
Fr
Ra
Ac
Ce Pr Nd
Pm
 Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu


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