Nickel (Ni)

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Nickel 28Ni58.71

1751 von A.F. Cronstedt in Stockholm, Schweden, entdeckt.

[Kommt von Kupfer-Nickel und bedeutet entweder Teufels-Kupfer oder St. Nikolaus-Kupfer]

French: nickel
English: nickel
Italian: nichel
Spanish: niquel

Beschreibung: Silberweißes Metall, glänzend, verformbar und duktil. Korrodiert nicht, ist löslich in Säuren, außer konzentrierter HNO3, wird nicht von Alkalien angegriffen. Verwendung: Legierungen, Münzen, Katalysatoren, Elektroplattierung von Metallen.

 

 

Nickel single crystal properties

State: single crystal
Crystal structure: fcc
Production method: Czochralski
Standard size: diameter 10-20mm
thickness 1-2mm
Orientation: (100), (110) and (111)
Orientation accuracy: <2°, <1°, <0.4° or <0.1°
Polishing: as cut, one or two sides polished
Roughness of surface: <0.03µm
Purity: 99.99%
Typical analysis (ppm): C 3
H < 1
O 9
N < 5
Cu 1.60
Fe 1.80
Ni < 1
Pb 0.30
Si 0.30

 
Ga, Hf and Ta are below the detection limit
 

Materials properties

Density: 8.9 g/cm3
Melting point: 1452.85 °C / 1726 °K
Boiling point: 2731.85 °C / 3005 °K
Molar volume: 6.59 cm3
Thermal conductivity: 90.7 [300 K] Wm-1K-1
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: 13.3 x 10-6 K-1
Electrical resistivity: 6.84x 10-8 [293 K] Wm
Mass magnetic susceptibility: ferromagnetic
Young's modulus: 199.5 GPa
Rigidity modulus: 76.0 GPa
Bulk modulus: 177.3 GPa
Poisson's ratio: 0.312 GPa
Radii: Ni3+ 62; Ni2+ 78; atomic 125; covalent 115
Electronegativity: 1.91 (Pauling); 1.75 (Allred); 4.40 eV (absolute)
Effective nuclear charge: 4.05 (Slater); 5.71 (Clementi); 7.86 (Froese-Fischer)
Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): 14
Issotope mass range: 53 -> 67
Crystal structure, (cell dimentions / pm), space group fcc
X-ray diffraction: mass absorption coefficients: CuKα 45.7 (µ/r) / cm2g-1
MoKα 46.6 (µ/r) / cm2g-1
Neutron scattering length: 1.03 b/10-12 cm
Thermal neutron capture cross-section: 4.49 sa / barns

 

Biological data

Biological role: Essential to some species, and can act to stimulate metabolism.
Toxicity  
Toxic intake: 1 - 3 mg kg-1
Lethal intake: LD50 (acetate, oral, rat)= 350 mg kg-1
Hazards: Nickel and many of its compounds are poisonous, carcinogenic and teratogenic. Nickel carbonyl is extremely tzoxic.
Level in humans  
Blood: 0.01 - 0.05 mg dm-3
Bone: <0.7 p.p.m.
Liver: 0.02 - 1.8 p.p.m.
Muscle: 1 - 2 p.p.m.
Daily dietary intake: 0.3 - 0.5 mg
Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person: < 15 mg

 

Geological data

MineralFormulaDensityHardnessCrystal apperance
Garnierite (Ni, Mg)6Si4O10(OH)8 2.3 - 2.5 2 - 4 mon., aggregates, bright green
Nickeline b-NiS 5.27 3 - 3.5 hex., met. copper-red
Pentlandite (Ni, Fe)9S8 4.8 3.5 - 4 cub., met., bronze-yellow

 

Chief ore: garnierite, pentlandite (nickeline is rare but was the first mineral from which nickel was extracted
World production: 510 000 tonnes/year
Main mining areas: garnierite in Russia, South Africa, USA; pentlandite in Cananda, South Africa
Reserves: 70 x 106 tonnes
Specimen: available as foil, powder, rod, slugs, spheres and wire. Safe.

 

Abundances  
Sun: 1.91 x 106 (relative to H = 1 x 1012)
Earth's crust: c. 80 p.p.m.
Seawater:  
Residence time:  
Classification: recycled
Oxidation state: II

Übersicht der Elemente mit Zugang zu unserem Shop

1 18
H
 2 13 14 15 16 17
He
Li Be B C
N
O
F
Ne
Na Mg 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Al Si P S
Cl
Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se
Br
Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo
Tc
 Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I
Xe
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi
Po
At
Ra
Fr
Ra
Ac
Ce Pr Nd
Pm
 Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu


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