Wir sind führender Hersteller und Lieferant von Forschungsmaterialien
1878 von J.C.G. de Marignac in Genf, Schweiz, entdeckt.
[Nach Ytterby, Schweden, bennant]
French: ytterbium
English: ytterbium
Italian: itterbio
Spanish: yterbio
Beschreibung: Weiches, silberweißes Metall der Lanthanoid-Gruppe. Wird von Luft langsam oxidiert, reagiert mit Wasser.
Crystal structure: |
(cell dimensions/pm), space group, |
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X-ray diffractions mass absorption coefficients: | CuKa 146(µ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKa 84.5 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 |
Neutron scattering length: | 1.243 b/10-12 cm |
Thermal neutron capture cross-section: | 34.8 sa / barns |
Density: | 6965 kg/m-3 [293 K] |
Melting point: | 823.85°C / 1097°K |
Boiling point: | 1192.85°C / 1466°K |
Molar volume: | 24.84 cm3 |
Thermal conductivity: | 34.9 [300 K] W m-1K-1 |
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: | 25.0 x 10-6 (a axis); 6.1 x 10-6 (b axis); 6.8 x 10-6 (c axis) K-1 |
Electrical resistivity: | 29.0 x 10-8 [273 K] Ωm |
Mass magnetic susceptibility: | +1.81 x 10-8(s) kg-1m3 |
Radi: | Yb3+ 86; Yb2+ 113; atomic 194; covalent 170 |
Electronegativity: | n.a. (Pauling); 1.06 (Allred); ≤3.5 eV (absolute) |
Effective nuclear charge: | 2.85 (Slater); 8.59 (Clementi); 11.90 (Froese-Fischer) |
Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): | 29 |
Isotope mass range: | 154 -> 179 |
Biological role: | None, but acts to stimulate metabolism. |
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Toxicity | |
Toxic intake: | n.a. |
Lethal intake: | LD50 (chloride, oral, mouse) = 6700 mg kg-1 |
Hazards: | Ytterbium is mildly toxic by ingestion and is a skin and eye irritant. It is also a suspected teratogen.. |
Level in humans | n.a. but very low |
Daily dietary intake: | n.a. |
Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person: |
n.a. |
Minerals: | ||||
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Mineral | Formula | Density | Hardness | Crystal apperance |
Euxenite* | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 | 5.0 | 5.5 - 6.5 | orth., met. greasy black |
Xenotime* | YPO4 | 4.8 | 4 - 5 | tet., vit./res. yellow-brown |
* These ores contain extractable amounts of ytterbium.
Chief ores: | euxenite, xenotime |
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World production: | c. 50 tonnes/year |
Main mining areas: | USA, Canada. Euxenite is also found in Greenland and Brazil |
Reserves: | c. 1 x 106. |
Specimen: | available as chipes or ingots. Safe. Yb powder is a skin and eye irritant. Care! |
Abundances | |
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Sun: | 8 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
Earth's crust: | 3.3 ppm |
Seawater | |
Atlantic surface: | 5 x 10-7 ppm |
Atlantic deep: | 7.5 x 10-7 ppm |
Pacific surface: | 3.7 x 10-7 ppm |
Pacifc deep: | 22 x 10-7 ppm |
Residence time: | 400 years |
Classification: | recycled |
Oxidation state: | III |
Source: Emsley, J. (1998) The Elements (3rd Edition)
Other sizes and specifications on request