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Rubidium (Rb)
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Rubidium 37Rb85.4678
1861 von R.W. Bunsen und G. Kirchhoff an der Universität Heidelberg, Deutschland, entdeckt.
[Lateinisch, rubidius = dunkelrot]
French: rubidium
English: rubidium
Italian: rubidio
Spanish: rubidio
Beschreibung: Sehr weiches Metall, frische Schnittflächen sind glänzend silberweiß. Entzündet sich an Luft und reagiert heftig mit Wasser. Außer in der Forschung wenig verwendet.
Further Materials properties
| Crystal structure: |
(cell dimensions/pm), space group, |
|---|---|
| X-ray diffractions mass absorption coefficients: | CuKa 117 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKa 90 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 |
| Neutron scattering length: | 0.709 b/10-12 cm |
| Thermal neutron capture cross-section: | 0.38 sa / barns |
| Density: | 1532 kg/m-3 [293 K]; 1475 [liquid at m.p.] |
| Melting point: | 39.05°C / 312.2°K |
| Boiling point: | 687.85°C / 961°K |
| Molar volume: | 55.79 cm3 |
| Thermal conductivity: | 58.2 [300 K] W m-1K-1 |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: | 90 x 10-6 K-1 |
| Electrical resistivity: | 12.5 x 10-8 [293 K] Ωm |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility: | +2.49 x 10-9(s) kg-1m3 |
| Radi: | Rb+ 149; atomic 247.5; van der Waals 244 |
| Electronegativity: | 0.82 (Pauling); 0.89 (Allred); 2.34 eV (absolute) |
| Effective nuclear charge: | 2.20 (Slater); 4.98 (Clementi); 6.66 (Froese-Fischer) |
| Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): | 30 |
| Isotope mass range: | 75 -> 98 |
Biological data
| Biological role: | Rubidium has no known role; its salts have a stimulatory effect. |
|---|---|
| Toxicity | |
| Toxic intake: | can be toxic by ingestion. |
| Lethal intake: | LD50 (chloride, oral, mouse) = 3800 mg kg-1 |
| Hazards: | Rubidium salts are generally inert, and their toxicity is almost always that of the anion, not of the Rb+. However, in the body, rubidium substitutes for potassium and too much can be dangerous. |
| Level in humans | |
| Blood: | 2.49 mg dm-3 |
| Bone: | 0.1 - 5 ppm |
| Liver: | 20 - 70 ppm |
| Muscle: | 20 - 70 ppm |
| Daily dietary intake: | 1.5 - 6 mg |
| Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person: |
680 mg |
Geological data
Minerals: No minerals as such are known, but rubidium is present in significant amounts in lepidolite (see lithium), pollucite(see caesium) and carnallite (see potassium).
| World production: | n.a. |
|---|---|
| Reserves: | n.a. |
| Specimen: | available as ingots in sealed ampoules. Danger! |
| Abundances | |
|---|---|
| Sun: | 400 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
| Earth's crust: | 90 ppm |
| Seawater | 0.12 ppm |
| Residence time: | 800 000 years |
| Classification: | accumulating |
| Oxidation state: | I |
Source: Emsley, J. (1998) The Elements (3rd Edition)
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